黑龙江省东部地区马铃薯田昆虫种类调查及群落结构特征指数分析

摘要

At present, the eastern part of Heilongjiang Province has a large area of potato fields, but lack of biological control of insect pests is a problem. The experiment studied about the potato pests, the natural enemies of insect pests, and the difference in community characteristics and dynamics. The results provided an important basis for the integrated control of insects in different growth stages of potatoes. The research used random sampling survey method, the method of direct observation and pitfal traps for the identification of species of insects. Al the activities of insect species of the potato field were investigated in the eastern part of Heilongjiang Province. Analysis was made of the insect communities with community diversity indices, evenness indices, abundance degree and total number of species. In the field investigation, insects found in the potato filed were from 9 order, 21 family and 27 species. The change in insect community diversity index fol owed low-high-low-high trend, and greatly affected by climate. The insect community diversity index in mid June, late July and early August was relatively low. In these periods, relying only on the natural enemies for the pest control was insufficient, so the chemical control was necessary.%目前黑龙江省东部地区有很大面积的马铃薯田，但对其害虫的控制缺少必要的生物手段。本试验研究了马铃薯田害虫、天敌昆虫的种类、群落特征及种群动态间的区别，为科学制订马铃薯不同生育期害虫的综合防治提供了重要依据。试验采用随机取点法、直接观察法及陷阱法调查昆虫种类，鉴别了黑龙江省东部地区马铃薯田所有活动的昆虫种类，用昆虫群落的多样性、均匀性及优势集中性对昆虫群落的特征指数进行了分析。明确了马铃薯田活动的昆虫共9个目、21科、27种。昆虫群落的多样性指数大致呈低-高-低-高的趋势，受气候影响较大。6月中旬、7月末及8月初的昆虫群落的多样性指数相对较低，依靠天敌自身控制害虫的能力不足，此时需要进行化学防治。