贝母属药用植物含有多种药用化合物,在传统中医药中已应用上千年.近年对贝母药物资源的深入研究导致在多种贝母中发现更多的甾体生物碱、皂苷、萜类、糖苷和许多其它化合物,由此关于贝母的化学分类,分子系统发育和药理研究也日益增多.本文基于作者的贝母药用亲缘研究,评述近年贝母属植物化学、化学分类、分子生物和系统发育研究的进展,及其与贝母药效的关联.通过检索文献总结了贝母研究涉及的多种技术,用基于细胞核和质体DNA标记的系统发育分析推断了川贝,伊贝等复合群内部的相互关系和其与其它中国贝母物种的关系,并明确了中国贝母与国外贝母之间的关系.指出化学分类与分子系统发育结果的不一致并讨论了原因.深入研究更多的贝母物种对于贝母药物资源的可持续利用和寻找新的治疗用化合物十分重要.系统生物学和组学技术将对今后贝母药用化合物研究的深入起到关键作用.%The genus Fritillaria is a botanical source for various pharmaceutically active components,which have been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years.Increasing interest in Fritillaria medicinal resources has led to additional discoveries of steroidal alkaloids,saponins,terpenoids,glycosides and many other compounds in various Fritillaria species,and to investigations on their chemotaxonomy,molecular phylogeny and pharmacology.In continuation of studies on Fritillaria pharmacophylogeny,the phytochemistry,chemotaxonomy,molecular biology and phylogeny of Fritillaria and their relevance to drug efficacy is reviewed.Literature searching is used to characterize the global scientific effort in the flexible technologies being applied.The interrelationship within Chinese Bei Mu species and between Chinese species,and species distributed outside of China,is clarified by the molecular phylogenetic inferences based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences.The incongruence between chemotaxonomy and molecular phylogeny is revealed and discussed.It is essential to study more species for both the sustainable utilization of Fritillaria medicinal resources and for finding novel compounds with potential clinical utility.Systems biology and omics technologies will play an increasingly important role in future pharmaceutical research involving the bioactive compounds of Fritillaria.
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