男女大学生卡特尔16种人格因素量表测查结果比较的meta分析

摘要

目的:了解男女大学生的16种人格因素是否存在差异及其相关因素.方法:采用meta分析对2000-2009年间的21篇研究(使用工具均为卡特尔16种人格因素量表),共计22组数据进行统计分析.结果:女生在乐群性、聪慧性、兴奋性、敏感性、幻想性、世故性、优虑性上的得分均高于男生,平均效果量在-0.41--0.08之间(均P<0.01);男生在稳定性、有恒性上的得分高于女生,平均效果量分别为0.19和0.08(均P<0.001).在多水平模型中,乐群性、独立性、紧张性不同年龄段大学生得分不同的影响(β1=0.05,-0.04,0.04;均P<0.05);稳定性、敢为性出版年代的影响(β1=0.04,0.05;均P<0.01);兴奋性不同量表版本的影响(β1=0.07,P<0.05);实验性不同样本量的影响(β=0.001,P<0.05);实验性、紧张性受出版质量的影响(β1=0.13,-0.11;均P<0.05);独立性不同来源地区的影响(β1=-0.15,P<0.001).结论:男女大学生在9种人格因素上存在差异,并与样本年龄段、量表出版年代、量表版本、样本量、量表出版质量、样本来源地区因素相关.%Objective: To explore the differences between male and female college students in 16 personality factors and the related factors. Methods: Meta-analytic method was used to calculate 22 group data in 21 studies which with Cattell 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) as a tool from 2000 to 2009. Results: The scores of 16PF in female college students were higher than that in male college students in 7 personality factors (warmth, intellect, liveliness, sensitivity, abstractness, privateness, apprehension), and the average effect sizes ranged from -0.41to -0. 08 (Ps ＜0. 01). The scores in male college students were higher than that in female college students in 2 personality factors (emotional stability, perseverance), and the average effect sizes were 0. 19 and 0. 08 (Ps ＜0. 001). In the multilevel models, warmth, self-reliance and tension were related to age group (β1= 0. 05, -0. 04,0. 04; Ps ＜ 0. 05). Emotional stability and social boldness were related to year-of-publication (β1= 0. 04, 0. 05; Ps ＜0. 01). Liveliness was related to scale edition (β1= 0. 07, P ＜ 0. 05). Openness to change was related to sample size (β1= 0. 001, P ＜ 0. 05). Openness to change and tension were related to quality-of-publication (β1= 0. 13, -0. 11;Ps ＜0. 05). Self-reliance was related to region (β1 = -0. 15, P ＜0. 001). Conclusion: There are marked differences between male and female college students in 9 personality factors. Influenced by age group, year-of-publication,scale edition, sample size, quality-of-publication, region, the differences between male and female college students'scores in 7 personality factors ( warmth, emotional stability, liveliness, social boldness, openness to change, self-reliance, tension) show an increasing tendency.