乐观与悲观归因风格大学生对情绪信息的注意偏向

摘要

Objective:To investigate the attentional bias to emotional information in college students with optimistic and pessimistic attributional style.Methods:A total of 83 college students (20 males and 23 females in optimistic group,20 males and 20 females in pessimisticgroup) were recruited online.The 2 cue validity (valid,invalid) × 2 emotional type (positive,negative) × 2 attributional style (optimistic group,pessimistic group) hybrid design was used to investigate the attentional bias to emotional information in college students with optimistic and pessimistic attributional style,adopting the cue-target paradigm.Results:Under valid situation,optimistic group had responded to positive (cue) target faster than pessimistic group [(311.4 ± 26.6) ms vs.(324.1 ±± 47.0) ms,P ＜ 0.05],while there was no significant difference in reaction times (RTs) on negative (cue) target between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Under invalid situation,optimistic group had responded to negative target faster than pessimistic group [(331.0 ±± 31.7) ms vs.(337.4 ± 50.0) ms,P ＜ 0.05],whereas there was no difference in their RTs to responding to positive target(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion:It suggests that optimistic individuals and pessimistic individuals respectively have selective attentional bias to positive information and negative information.%目的:探讨乐观与悲观归因风格大学生对情绪信息的注意偏向特点.方法:通过网上招募83名大学生[乐观组43名(20男,23女),悲观组40名(20男,20女],采用2线索效度(有效、无效)×2情绪类型(正性、负性)×2组别(乐观组、悲观组)的混合实验设计,运用线索-靶子范式研究乐观与悲观归因风格大学生对情绪信息的注意偏向特点.结果:有效条件下,乐观组对正性靶刺激反应较悲观组更快[(311.4±26.6) msvs.(324.1±47.0) ms,P＜0.05],而两组对负性靶刺激反应的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);无效条件下,乐观组对负性靶刺激的反应快于悲观组[(331.0±31.7) ms vs.(337.4±50.0) ms,P＜0.05],而两组对正性靶刺激反应的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:乐观个体与悲观个体分别对正性信息与负性信息存在选择性注意偏向.