维吾尔族和汉族大学生的族际友谊与面孔识别跨民族效应的关系

摘要

Objective:To examine the relationship between cross-ethnic friendship and cross-ethnic face perceptual memory in the regions where the population ratios of the Uygurs and the Hans are different.Methods:According to demographic criteria,33 Han college students with lower contact with Uygurs from the area where Uygur and Han population ratio was 1 ∶ 9,32 Uygur college students with lower contact with Hans from the area where Uygur and Han population ratio was 9∶1,and 32 Uygur with higher contact with Hans and 34 Han students with higher contact with Uygurs from the area where Uygur and Han population ratio was 4∶6 were recruited in the study.Relying on E-prime program,the "learning-recognition" paradigm was adopted to compare the difference between the participants'recognition for faces of one's own race and others.Meanwhile,based on self-reported Friendship Quality Questionnaires,participants'Time Spent and Intimacy with out-group friends were assessed as the measurement of inter-group friendship.Results:The accurate rate,false alarm rate and discrimination accuracy demonstrated a significant own-race advantage for the Uygurs with lower contact and higher contact with the Hans (Ps ＜ 0.01),whereas the Hans with higher contact and lower contact with the Uygurs did not show significant difference between own-race faces and other-race faces on these variables (Ps ＞ 0.05).Stepwise regression analysis showed that the regression coefficients of the interracial intimacy and time spent with out-group friends toward the magnitude of crossrace effect were stably significant (β =-0.87,-0.56,Ps ＜ 0.01).Conclusion:The Uygur and Han students may prefer different encoding strategies in face recognition,and inter-group friendship experience may be an appropriate variable for predicting the ability to recognize other-race faces with good reliability and validity.%目的:考察维吾尔族(简称维)和汉族(简称汉)人口比例不同地区,维汉大学生的异族友谊经验与面孔识别跨民族效应的关系.方法:按照人口统计学标准选取维汉比例为1∶9地区汉族大学生33人(与维吾尔族低接触组),维汉比例为9∶1地区维吾尔族大学生32人(与汉族低接触组),以及维汉比例4∶6地区维吾尔大学生32人(与汉族高接触组)和汉族大学生34人(与维吾尔族高接触组),利用E-prime程序编程让被试执行“学习-再认”范式以考察识别本族和异族面孔(汉面孔/维面孔)的能力,采用自我报告的异族友谊卷入时间和自我表露程度考察异族友谊水平.结果:与汉族高、低接触组对本族面孔的再认正确率、鉴别力均高于对异族面孔的判断,而虚报率低于对异族面孔的判断(均P＜0.01);与维吾尔族高、低接触组对本族和异族面孔的再认正确率、鉴别力和虚报率差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).逐步回归分析显示,与异族朋友相处的时间和族际友谊亲密度对跨民族效应幅度负向关联(β=-0.87、-0.56,均P＜0.01).结论:维吾尔族和汉族大学生在再认维汉面孔时采用不同的编码策略,族际友谊水平是预测维汉大学生面孔识别跨民族效应的有效指标.