一种正压式防护口罩对微生物气溶胶防护效果的研究

摘要

目的 研究一种正压送风式防护口罩对病毒和细菌气溶胶的防护效果.方法 制备粘质沙雷菌和噬箘体 ΦX174 悬液,分别作为细菌和病毒的替代物,发生微生物气溶胶,用空气动力学粒子分析仪检测粒子直径,用 Andersen 六级采样器采集微生物气溶胶样本,检测正压式防护口罩在不同送风气流的条件下对微生物气溶胶的防护效率.结果 实验所发生的粘质沙雷菌和噬箘体 ΦX174 的气溶胶粒子数量中值直径为 1.8 μm 左右,该正压式防护口罩对气溶胶总粒子和微生物气溶胶粒子的防护效率均达到 99%以上,送风气流对该正压式防护口罩的微生物气溶胶防护效率有显著影响,气流速度越大,防护效率越高.结论 该正压式防护口罩对细菌和病毒具有良好的防护效果,使用该正压式防护口罩时应尽可能选择使用较高的送风气流.%Objective To evaluate the protective performance of a positive pressure protective mask against bacterial and viral aerosol. Methods The suspension of Serratia marcescens and phage ΦX174 which indicated bacteria and virus,respectively,were prepared to produce bioaerosol. The diameter of aerosol particles was measured with an aerodynamics size analyzer. The protective efficiency of the positive pressure protective mask against bioaerosol in different supply air flow velocities was detected with Andersen six-stage air sampler sampling. Results The number median diameters of the Serratia marcescens and the phage ΦX174 aerosols were about 1.8 μm. The protection efficiency of the positive pressure respirator for total aerosol particles and microorganism aerosol particles was above 99%. The supply airflow had a significant effect on the protective efficiency of the positive pressure protective mask against the bioaerosol. The higher the flow velocity is, the higher the protective efficiency would be. Conclusion The positive pressure protective mask provided relatively high efficiencies against bacterial and viral aerosol. It should choice the flow velocity as high as possible when used the mask.