先秦儒家身体观及其生命伦理学意蕴

摘要

先秦儒家认为身体应该给予全面细致的保养,但身体的养护有轻重次序之分.在救治身体时,原则主义更为强调尊重自主原则对其他原则的伦理限制,而儒家则更为注重有利原则的优先性.儒家要求保持身体的整全、发挥身体的繁衍功能,这深刻影响了当代国人对器官捐献和代孕等的态度.在身心关系方面,先秦儒家承认心是身的一部分,心主导身,身是心的表现与映射.这种身心交融的思想有助于打破现代西方医学体系面临的伦理困境,也启示我们在缓解医患关系时应着力构建医患双方的良好心态.对身体的政治化塑造也是先秦儒家身体观的一大特色,但它很可能引发医疗资源分配不公等社会问题,因此在重建儒家生命伦理学时必须对其扬弃.%The Pre-Qin Confucian thinks that the body should be given a comprehensive and meticulous care , but the body ' s conservation had the order of priorities .When treating body , principlism is of more emphasis on the ethical restriction of principle of respecting autonomy to other principles , while Confucianism is of more emphasis on the priority of benefit principle .Confucianism requires keeping the holistic of the body and playing the reproduc-tive function of body , which has deeply influenced the contemporary Chinese attitude toward organ donation and surrogacy .In the aspect of the body and mind relation , the Pre-Qin Confucian admitted that heart is part of the body , heart leads body and body is the performance and mapping of heart .This idea of physical and mental integra-tion helps to break out the ethical dilemma faced by modern western medical system , and also reveals that we should focus on building a good state of mind of the doctors and patients when easing doctor -patient relationship . The politicization of the body is also a feature of the Pre -Qin Confucian view of body , but it may cause the unjust distribution of medical resources and other social problems , so we must abandon it when rebuilding the Confucian bioethics.