北京西郊“三山五园”文化景观遗产价值剖析

摘要

北京西郊“三山五园”作为中国古典园林的典范和皇家园林群的代表,是园林与城市文化的共生体,具备巨大的遗产价值和“自然与人的共同作品”的文化景观特性.通过阐述“三山五园”的景观实体与人文思想的相互作用,包括人文思想指导下的景观建设、景观整体折射出的精神内涵2个方面,展现“三山五园”的文化景观特征;接着将“三山五园”与国内外园林主题的相似遗产地进行对比,阐述其遗产价值的独特性,探讨其可能符合的世界遗产标准及其真实性与完整性,在探索“三山五园”文化景观遗产潜力的同时,对该地区的保护和管理进行思考.%The area of the Three Hills and Five Gardens in Beijing western suburbs,previously occupied by the royal family,is always well known as "the top-class masterpieces of Chinese classical gardens".In the whole area,the artificial constructions showed great respects to the surrounding natural landscapes and followed many ideas of traditional Chinese philosophy.However in a long time,the values of this distinctive "combined works of nature and man" has not yet been cognized systematically,and the area is seldom seen as significant cultural landscape heritage as a whole.This paper aims to re-discover the royal area from the perspective as the review on the Cultural Landscape Heritages.It firstly summarizes the interactions between landscape entities and spiritual connotations in the area,including the typical landscape construction under the guidance of humanistic thought,as well as the spiritual connotations reflected by the overall landscape.By comparing the Three Hills and Five Gardens with gardens in the world which share some similarities and have been listed in the World Heritage List,as well as other well-known Chinese classical gardens,the paper seeks to find the specificity and unique value of the area.By analyzing the comprehensive situation of this area and exploring its heritage potential,the paper devotes to promote the whole understanding of the existing resources.