昼夜节律形成对婴幼儿认知发育影响的研究

摘要

Objective To explore the effect of infants ’ circadian rhythm formation on their cognitive development .Methods This investigation was conducted from November 2012 to March 2013 in Liuyang, Hunan province, including 156 2-30 months old infants and toddlers.Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) was used to assess infants’ sleep condition, and Bayley Scale of Infant Development-I (BSID-I) was used to measure their mental developmental index (MDI) and psychomotor developmental index (PDI).Results The mean age of the samples was 11.69 ±7.81 months (2-30m).Boys accounted for 55.8%.Their mean mental developmental index (MDI) was 88.83 ±11.98, and psychomotor developmental index (PDI) was 90.64 ±13.51.Girls’ MDI was 90.84 ±11.93 and PDI was 92.56 ± 12.82.As infant’s age increasing, the proportion of nightly sleep in total sleep time increased significantly (r=0.47,P=0.000). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the proportion of nightly sleep had independent influence on MDI and PDI after controlling other factors, which meant that the higher proportion of nightly sleep , the better mental and psychomotor development (MDI:r=0.29,P=0.000;PDI:r=0.29,P=0.000).Meanwhile, the higher father’s education level, the higher children’s MDI (F=3.61,P=0.03) and PDI (F=3.29,P=0.04) development.Conclusion The formation of circadian rhythm, especially the proportion of nightly sleep in total sleep time affects infants ’ cognitive development significantly .It is meaningful to cultivate mature infants circadian rhythm and improve proportion of nightly sleep .%目的：探索婴幼儿昼夜节律的建立对其认知发育的影响。方法于2012年11月至2013年3月在湖南省浏阳市选择城乡各一个点作为项目点开展调查工作，共抽取2～30个月的婴幼儿156人。采用国际通用的简易婴儿睡眠问卷（ BISQ）评估婴幼儿睡眠状况；同时采用Bayley婴幼儿发育量表对婴幼儿认知发育进行评估。结果调查对象平均年龄11．69±7．81个月（2～30个月）。男童占55．8％，智力发育指数（MDI）为88．83±11．98，运动发育指数（PDI）为90．64±13．51。女童MDI为90．84±11．93，PDI为92．56±12．82。随着儿童月龄的增加，儿童夜间睡眠占每天总睡眠时间的比例显著增加（ r＝0．47，P＝0．000）。进一步采用多元线性回归分析发现，在控制了各种影响婴幼儿认知发育的影响因素后，夜间睡眠比例仍然对婴幼儿的智力发育指数和运动发育指数有独立的影响，即夜间睡眠占全天睡眠比例越高，婴幼儿智力发育以及运动发育水平越好（ MDI：r＝0．29，P＝0．000；PDI：r＝0．29，P＝0．000）。此外，父亲的受教育程度与婴幼儿的发育也呈显著相关性，父亲的受教育程度越高，儿童的MDI（F＝3．61，P＝0．03）和PDI（F＝3．29，P＝0．04）都明显越高。结论婴幼儿睡眠昼夜节律，尤其是夜间睡眠占总睡眠时间的比率对婴幼儿认知发育有显著的影响，因此需要更多关注早期培养婴幼儿形成成熟的昼夜节律，逐步提高夜间睡眠的占比。