补充钙、锌、维生素 A对儿童生长发育的影响

摘要

Objective To investigate the impact of micronutrient calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn) and vitamin A (VA) on the growth and development of children .Methods Totally 156 children aged 3-5 years old visiting Nanping Maternity and Child Health Hospital during the period of January 2009 to December 2010 were selected as subjects , and they were divided into 4 groups with similar age and gender rate:control group, Zn group, Zn+Ca group and Zn+Ca+VA group.They were given Zn 3.5mg, Ca 250mg and VA 200μg, respectively, 5 days a week for 12 months.Physical examination and dietary survey were conducted every 4 months, and skeletal survey was carried out before and after experiment .Results The height of Zn group was significantly different from that of the control group at the end of 12 month (t=3.432, P<0.05), and there was statistical difference in height between Zn +Ca group and the control group at the end of 8 and 12 month (t value was 4.383 and 4.464, respectively, both P<0.05) and between Zn+Ca+VA group and the control group at the end of 8 and 12 month (t value was 5.432 and 3.289, respectively, both P<0.05).The weight of Zn+Ca group was significantly different from that of the control group at the end of 12 month (t=3.866, P<0.05).The difference between Zn+Ca+VA group and the control group occurred at the end of 8 month and 12 month (t value was 5.221 and 3.2373, respectively, both P<0.05).There was no statistical difference in skeletal age between the study group and the control group ( t value was 1.277, 1.747 and 1.958, respectively, all P>0.05).Conclusion Zn, Ca, VA may accelerate the growth rate of height and weight .They can alleviate the slow growth of children bone , but does not accelerate the skeletal maturation .%目的：探讨补充钙、锌、维生素A（VA）对儿童生长发育的作用。方法选择2009年1月至2010年12月来南平妇幼保健院就诊的156例3～5岁儿童为受试对象，按照年龄、性别大致相匹配原则，将其分为4组：对照组、Zn组、Zn＋Ca组、Zn＋Ca＋VA 组，分别给予Zn 3．5mg、Ca 250mg、VA 200μg，每周5天共持续12个月。营养素补充期限为12个月，期间每4个月进行一次体格检查及膳食调查，实验前后各测骨龄1次。结果锌补充组在第12个月末身高与对照组相比出现显著差异（ t＝3．432， P＜0．05），Zn＋Ca组在第8个月末及第12个月末与对照组相比，身高出现统计学差异（t值分别为4．383和4．464，均P＜0．05）， Zn＋Ca＋VA 组在第8个月末及第12个月末与对照组相比，身高亦出现统计学差异（t值分别为5．432和3．289，均P＜0．05）。Zn＋Ca补充组体重在第12个月末与对照组相比出现显著差异（t＝3．866，P＜0．05）。 Zn＋Ca＋VA 组体重分别在第8个月末及第12个月末与对照组相比，均出现统计学差异（t值分别为5．221和3．2373，均P＜0．05）。 Zn组，Zn＋Ca组及Zn＋Ca＋VA 组与对照组两两比较，骨龄的增长均无显著性差异（t值分别为1．277、1．747和1．958，均P＞0．05）。结论 Zn＋Ca＋VA 可增加儿童身高、体重增长速率，缓解骨龄滞后现象，但不加速骨骼的成熟。