Objective To understand the awareness and knowledge of osteoporosis of middle and old aged women living in Xi ’ an community so as to provide necessary evidence for prevention and health education on osteoporosis for the population.Methods Cross-sectional study was adopted to select communities from east, west, north and south areas of Xi’an from July to August in 2015.Three to five communities were chosen from each area.The self-designed questionnaire was used in the survey among middle and old aged women over 35 living in Xi’ an community.Results About 90%women knew osteoporosis, but only 5.42%knew enough knowledge.There were 54.17%women thinking that osteoporosis was preventable, but only 11.15% knew that it should be prevented from childhood.The proportion of women having correct cognition on clinical manifestations of osteoporosis was low, and much less was known on diagnosis and therapy.Many women ( over 70%) knew the factors, such as increasing of age, menopause, little sunshine and lack of calcium, would increase the risk of osteoporosis.However, few knew about other risk factors, such as lack of Vitamin D, long-term bed, insufficiency of protein intake.The cognition on smoking, drinking, heredity and other diseases was less.Although the proportion of intake of meat, egg, milk, bean products and marine products was relatively high, intake frequency was low.Only 35.21%and 17.71%women supplemented additional calcium and Vitamin D every day.Most women (82.92%) obtained their knowledge about osteoporosis from mass media including broadcast and television, and more than half of the subjects obtained from their relatives.The proportion of knowledge from medical staff and community education was low.The cognition was affected by age and education level.The difference in cognition on osteoporosis was statistically significant between cases of different age group and cultural degree ( F value was 76.57 and 71.51, respectively, both P<0.001).Conclusion The knowledge about osteoporosis is insufficient in the middle and old aged women living in Xi’ an community.The proportion of relative health behaviors is relatively low.Positive, correct and systematic knowledge about osteoporosis from medical professionals is quite necessary for prevention of osteoporosis.%目的：了解西安市社区中老年妇女对骨质疏松症的认知情况，为当地该人群骨质疏松症的预防保健及健康教育工作提供必要的依据。方法2015年7至8月，采用现况研究方法，在西安市东、西、南、北4个区域，应用方便抽样，每个区域选择3～5个小区，对小区内居住的全部35岁以上中老年妇女进行面对面问卷调查，并对结果进行分析。结果有90％以上的被调查对象知道骨质疏松症，但了解比较多的只占5．42％。只有54．17％的妇女认为骨质疏松症是一个能够预防的疾病，且知道预防应该从小时候就开始的比例仅占11．15％。对骨质疏松症临床表现的正确认识比例不高，对诊断和治疗的药物知道更少。对引起骨质疏松症的因素，年龄增长、妇女绝经、晒太阳少以及钙缺乏的认知比例较高，在70％以上；而对长期卧床、维生素D缺乏、缺乏运动、蛋白质摄入不足的认知比例都不高；对吸烟、饮酒及遗传、疾病等的认知度则更低。被调查妇女虽然肉、蛋、奶以及豆制品、海产品的摄入比例均在90％以上，但经常摄入的比例并不高。每天钙剂补充的比例只有35．21％，维生素D补充的只有17．71％。多数（82．92％）被调查妇女骨质疏松症相关知识来自于广播、电视等大众媒体，来自亲戚朋友的比例也超过半数，而来自医务人员和社区宣传的比例并不高。年龄和文化程度影响该人群的认知度，不同年龄组妇女骨质疏松症认知水平有显著的统计学差异（ F＝76．57，P＜0．001）；不同文化程度的妇女骨质疏松症认知水平也有显著的统计学差异（ F＝71．51，P＜0．001）。结论西安市社区中老年妇女对骨质疏松症的认知整体正确率低，相关的健康行为比例不高，来自医疗卫生机构主动的、正确全面的骨质疏松症防治知识对于该人群是非常必要的。
展开▼
