Objective To longitudinally observe the language development of preterm and full-term infants and to explore periodic difference in language development between two groups .Methods Sixty early preterm infants (gestational age < 34 weeks) ,sixty late preterm infants (gestational age 34 - 36 + 6 weeks) and sixty full-term infants delivered in obstetrics department and discharged from neonatal department of Weinan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from October 1 to November 30 ,2014 were selected . All preterm infants (calculated by corrected age) and full-term infants were followed up when they were 8 ,15 ,24 and 30 months old .Follow-up indexes included grow th and development situation ,mental development index (MDI) ,physical development index (PDI) ,and number of words which could be understood or said in Chinese communication .Results Score of preterm infants on number of words which could be understood (110 .63 ± 21 .84) at corrected age of 15 months was significantly higher than that of full-term infants (76 .22 ± 45 .00) (t = 4 .361 ,P < 0 .001) .Preterm infants had higher score on MDI (106 .67 ± 3 .79) at corrected age of 24 months compared with full-term infants whose score was 88 .00 ± 22 .19 (t = 4 .959 , P < 0 .001) .There were no significant differences between preterm and full-term infants in PDI and number of words which could be said at 8 ,15 and 24 months old (t value was 1 .149 , 0 .334 , 1 .378 , 1 .106 , 1 .735 and 1 .498 , respectively , all P > 0 .05 ) .Conclusion Cognitive and language development of late preterm infants shows rapid growth ,which catches up with full-term infants at 15 months of corrected age and exceeds full-term infants at 24 months of corrected age .Physical development of preterm infants is faster than full-term infants at first but slows down later and equals to them at 24 months of corrected age .Number of words that could be understood or said by preterm infants is higher than full-term infants at first but slows down later and equals to them at 24 months of corrected age .%目的 纵向观察早产儿与足月儿的语言发育进程,探索两组儿童语言发育进程的阶段性差异.方法 随机抽取陕西省渭南市妇幼保健院产科2014年10月1日至11月30日出生和新生儿科出院的早产儿63例[(早期早产儿16例(胎龄<34周)、晚期早产儿47例(胎龄34～36+6周)]和健康足月儿67例,早产儿(按纠正胎龄计算)、足月儿均在月龄满8个月 、15个月 、24个月 、30个月进行随访.随访指标包括:生长发育情况 、智力发展指数 、运动发育指数 、汉语沟通理解词数和能说词数.结果① 在理解词数方面,早产儿纠正15月龄时得分(110.63±21.84)显著高于足月儿(76.22±45.00),t=4.361,P<0.001;② 在智力发展方面,早产儿纠正24月龄时得分(106.67±3.79)显著高于足月儿(88.00±22.19),t=4.959,P<0.001;③ 运动发育和汉语沟通能说词数得分方面,早产儿与足月儿在8、15、24月龄时均无显著差异(t值分别为1.149、0.334、1.378、1.106、1.735和1.498,均P>0.05).结论 晚期早产儿的认知语言发育呈快速增长趋势 ,纠正 15 个月时追赶上足月儿 ,纠正 24 个月时超过足月儿 ;运动发育呈先快于足月儿后减缓 ,纠正 24 月龄时与足月儿趋平 ;理解词数和能说词数 ,先快于足月儿后减缓 ,纠正 24 月龄时与足月儿趋平 .
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