毒死蜱降解菌及其降解机理研究进展

摘要

毒死蜱是目前广泛使用的有机磷杀虫剂,其残留是食品安全中的一个重要问题,应用微生物降解是消除其残留的有效方法.筛选高效毒死蜱降解菌、构建基因工程菌、提取降解酶,成为国际上解决毒死蜱残留问题的发展方向与研究热点.现已富集分离得到50余株毒死蜱高效降解菌及降解酶制剂配方.笔者重点阐述毒死蜱的微生物降解机理及途径、毒死蜱降解菌的多样性及毒死蜱微生物降解影响因素,并探讨毒死蝉残留控制技术发展趋势.为中国热带地区农产品毒死蜱残留控制研究提供借鉴.%Chlorpyrifos is the most commonly used agricultural insecticide throughout the world and has caused serious food safty issues. Microbial degradation is an effective way of clean-up the pollutant from contaminated soil and of immense importance. More than thirty chlorpyrifos -degrading strains have been isolated from contaminated sites, and some important enzymes capable of degrading chlorpyrifos have been extracted from the isolates in recent years. This review presented a review on mechanisms and pathways of chlorprifos biodegradation, a diversity community of chlorpyrifos-degrading microorganisms, and factors affecting degradation rate. The research prospects were also discussed in this paper.