施用鸡粪后土壤磷形态及层间分布研究

摘要

通过室内土梓淋溶模拟试验,研究施用鸡粪后华南水稻土中各形态磷素的累积特征及层间分布.结果表明:氢氧化钠提取态磷占总磷的35.9%～46.7%,浓盐酸提取态磷占总磷的18.3%～36%,碳酸氢钠提取态磷占总磷的7.9%～18.5%,残留态磷占总磷的6.2%～15.6%,稀盐酸提取态磷占总磷的2.1%～6.8%.树脂态磷占总磷的1.5%～5.5%.可见,土壤积累的磷素中主要以有效性中等的氢氧化钠提取态磷为主.其次为有效性较差的浓盐酸提取态磷,而有效性很强的树脂态磷则很少;随着鸡粪用量的增加,土壤中树脂态磷、碳酸氧钠提取态磷、残留态磷和氢氧化钠提取态磷的积累显著增加,稀盐酸提取态磷的积累增加不显著.由此所引起的土壤盈余磷素流失或淋失对地表水和地下水水质的影响风险也增大;随着土层深度的增加,土壤积累树脂态磷的潜能显著降低,淋失风险显著增大.%A soil column experiment was conducted to investigate the accumulation and distribution characteristics of phosphorus in paddy soil in South China with chicken manure application. The results indicated that: NaOH-P accounted for 35.9％～46.7％ of the total P in paddy soil, and the C.HCI-P accounted for 18.3％ ～36％, NaHCO3-P accounted for 7.9％ ～18.5％, residual-P accounted for 6.2％～15.6％, D.HC1-P accounted for 2.1％～6.8％, and Resin - P accounted for 1.5％～5.5％. Therefore, NaOH-P was the primary P of the accumulation in soil, the secondary was relatively poor validity C.HC1-P, but Resin-P was little. The accumulation of Resin-P, NaHCO3-P, Residual-P and NaOH-P in soils increased significantly along with the increasing of chicken manure application, and the accumulation of D.HCI-P was not significantly enhanced. So, the potential risk of P loss by runoff or by leaching will increase, and the potential risk of P pollution on surface water and ground water will increase as well. The potentiality of soil accumulated Resin-P decreased significantly along with the increasing of soil layer depth, but the risk of Resin-P loss by leaching enhanced significantly.