肿柄菊茎叶提取物除草活性的研究

摘要

Using culture dishes filter paper method, the herbicidal activity of the water extracts of the stems and leaves of T. diversifolia was tested with Echinochloa oryzoides, Zea mays, Cucumis salivas, and Eclipta prostrata as the donor plants. The results showed that the water extracts of the stems and leaves from T. diversifolia at a concentration of 0.1 g/mL significantly reduced the germination of E. oryzoides and Z. mays by 92% and 72%, respectively, but had a low inhibitory effect on the germination of C. sativus and E. prostrata. At the concentration of 0.1 and 0.0 5g/mL, water extracts significantly reduced the root length and shoot height of E. oryzoides seedlings, but had a low inhibitory effect on the root length and shoot height of Z. mays, C. sativus, and E. prostrata seedlings. For the petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water extracts, only a concentration of 1 g/mL of chloroform extracts showed the strongest inhibitory effect on the seed germination and seedling root length and shoot height of E. oryzoides. A tagitinin A of T. diversifolia was separated and identified from the stems and leaves by activity-track method. This showed that T. diversifolia had potential to controll E. oryzoides and was worthy for further study.%采用培养皿滤纸法,以水田稗(Echinochloa oryzoides)、玉米(Zeamays)、黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)和鳢肠(Eclipta prostrata)为供体植物,测定肿柄菊(Tithonia diversifolia)茎叶水提液的除草活性；以水田稗为供体植物,测定肿柄菊茎叶乙醇提取物的不同溶剂萃取物的除草活性.结果显示,肿柄菊茎叶水提液浓度为0.1g/mL时,对水田稗和玉米种子萌发具有显著抑制作用,抑制率分别达92％和72％；对黄瓜和鳢肠种子萌发抑制率低.肿柄菊茎叶水提液浓度为0.1和0.05 g/mL时,对水田稗幼苗根长和茎高具有显著抑制作用,对玉米、黄瓜和鳢肠根长和茎高抑制率低.在肿柄菊茎叶乙醇提取物的石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和水萃取物中,只有氯仿萃取物1mg/mL对水田稗种子萌发及幼苗根长和茎高的抑制作用最强.采用活性追踪法对肿柄菊茎叶活性物质进行分离鉴定,得到一化合物为肿柄菊内酯A.肿柄菊具有较强的除草活性,值得进一步深入研究.