昆虫对自然环境中复杂化学信号的识别多依赖于其灵敏的嗅觉系统,选择寄主、觅食、寻找配偶等行为的发生都以嗅觉识别为基础,而完成嗅觉识别还需要多种嗅觉相关蛋白的参与.嗅觉相关蛋白主要包括6种,即气味结合蛋白、化学感受蛋白、气味受体、感觉神经元膜蛋白、离子型受体和气味降解酶.不同种类和性别的昆虫中,嗅觉蛋白的种类、数量和分布各不相同.由于嗅觉蛋白在昆虫识别外界气味分子中的重要作用,国内外近年来对其展开了广泛、深入的研究.本文从几种嗅觉相关蛋白的生化特性、分子结构、生理功能、分布表达部位和研究概况等角度,较详细地综述了近年来国内外昆虫嗅觉相关蛋白的研究进展.%Olfactory proteins of insects have great importance in the process of communication with the outside world and they are believed to be involved in host-finding,foraging,couple searching and other chemical communications.The odorant-related proteins mainly consisted of six species,namely odorant binding protein,chemosensory proteins,odorant receptors,sensory neuron membrane proteins,ionotropic receptor and odorant degradation enzyme respectively.The species,quantity and distribution of olfactory proteins vary among insects of different species and sexes.Odorant-related proteins play an important role in insect for recognizing external odors and are widely and deeply studied in the recent years.The aufhors sumnarized some recent advances on the biochemical characteristics,molecular structure,physiological role and localization of distribution and expression of olfactory proteins in this paper.
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