BACKGROUND: Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles gradually become a hot research point in related research fields due to their unique superparamagnetic property, biocompatibility, specific targeting and low cytotoxicity. OBJECTIVE: To review the development of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles in recent years as well as their applications in the biomedical field. METHODS: The first author retrieved the PubMed and CNKI databases for relevant articles published from January 2001 to October 2018 using the keywords of ―magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles‖, ―surface modification‖, ―biomedicine‖ in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles are prone to oxidation and aggregation, and the lack of coupling groups on the surface limits the functionalization of the nanoparticles. Therefore, surface modification and processing of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles by physical and chemical methods are warranted to achieve their further applications. Polymer molecules, organic small molecules and inorganic materials can be used for surface modification of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. At present, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles have been applied in some new biomedical fields, such as magnetic resonance imaging, targeted drugs and gene carriers, immunoassays, biological separation and solidification enzymes.%背景:Fe3O4磁性纳米微粒因其特有的超顺磁性、生物相容性、靶向性及低的生物毒性特性, 逐渐成为各领域的研究热点.目的:综述功能化Fe3O4磁性纳米微粒的技术创新及其在生物医学领域的应用拓展.方法:作者通过检索2001年1月至2018年10月中国期刊全文数据库和PubMed数据库发表的文献, 选择Fe3O4磁性纳米材料表面改性技术方法及其在生物医学领域应用进展方面的文献, 检索关键词为"Fe3O4磁性纳米微粒、表面改性、生物医学;magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles、surface modification、biomedicine".结果与结论:Fe3O4磁性纳米微粒容易发生氧化反应而聚集, 表面缺乏偶联基团限制了微粒的功能化.因此, 要实现Fe3O4磁性纳米微粒的进一步应用, 需要通过物理、化学的方法对Fe3O4磁性纳米微粒表面进行修饰、处理和加工, 聚合物分子、有机小分子及无机材料均可作为Fe3O4磁性纳米微粒的表面改性材料.目前Fe3O4磁性纳米微粒在生物医学相继被应用于一些新的领域, 如磁共振成像、靶向药物及基因载体、免疫检测、生物分离及固化酶等.
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