人体硬组织替代材料的力学及生物学性能研究

摘要

目的:硬组织(骨、牙等)损伤或病变是临床上常见的事件,如果损伤或病变严重到无法进行药物治疗的程度,需要采取硬组织替代材料进行修复或置换.硬组织替代材料的研究已经成为目前生物材料领域的一个重要研究方向.对人体硬组织替代材料的类型、力学性能及生物学性能等方面进行综述,并指出硬组织替代材料的发展方向.资料来源:检索时间为1998-01/2004-07.中国期刊网CNKI数字图书馆(中国期刊全文数据库)及Science Direct数字图书馆中期刊30种.检索词为硬组织替代材料、人工骨、人工齿根、生物陶瓷、生物涂层等.检索手段包括电子检索和手工检索等.资料选择:选择关于人体硬组织替代材料的200篇相关文献进行分析、总结.数据提炼:对检索到的硬组织替代材料研究文章中相关信息进行综述.资料综合:对各种硬组织替代材料的力学及生物学性能进行比较分析,并了解其在实际应用中的效果.现有的硬组织替代材料,即金属材料、高分子材料、陶瓷材料以及它们的复合材料,已在临床获得比较广泛的应用,但是尚未达力学和生物学性能完美结合的程度.结论:寻找力学与生物学性能和人体固有硬组织完全匹配的替代材料,一直是生物医用材料学界的关注焦点(研究重点).应用仿生技术、纳米技术、复合技术以及组织工程研制的新一代硬组织替代材料有望满足人们日益提高的使用要求.%OBJECTIVE: Injuries and pathological changes of hard tissue(bone, tooth,etc.) are common clinical affairs. If the injuries or pathological changes are too serious to be treated with medication, they should be repaired or replaced by hard tissue replacement implants. Researches of hard tissue replacement implants have become an important research direction in biomaterial field at present. This paper is aimed to summarize the type, mechanical feature and biological properties of human hard tissue replacement implants for the indication of the direction in its development.STUDY SOURCES: Time of the search was from January 1998 to July 2004. Search range: 30 types of periodicals from CNKI digital library (Chinese Periodical Full Text database) and Science Direct digital library. Search words were hard tissue replacement implants, artificial bone,artificial root of tooth, bioceramic, and biological coat, etc. Search methods included electronic search and manual search, etc.STUDY SELECTION: Totally 200 corresponding literatures on human hard tissue replacement implants were selected for analysing and summarizing.DATA EXTRACTION: To summarize the corresponding information in the obtained research articles regarding hard tissue replacement implant.DATA SYNTHESIS: To comparatively analyze the mechanical and biological properties of each hard tissue replacement implant as well as their effects in practical application. The existing hard tissue replacement implants including metal materials, macromolecular materials, ceramics and their composite materials have been widely applied in clinics; however, their mechanical and biological properties have not been perfectly combined.CONCLUSION: It is always a key point(key point in researches) in biomedical material academia to find a replacement implant, of which the mechanical and biological properties perfectly suitable for the human hard tissues. The new generation of hard tissue replacement implants established by the application of biomimetic process, nano-technology, composite materisls and tissue engineering could hopefully satisfy the increasingly elevated demand of human beings.