改善随班就读孤独症儿童自我概念的个案

摘要

背景:近年来国内对孤独症儿童的心理理论、执行功能的研究较多,但对关于孤独症儿童自我概念的研究相对较少.近年有学者发现孤独症儿童对自我的认知并非混沌一片,他们对自我有初步的认知能力.目的:对1例随班就读的孤独症儿童进行改善自我概念的康复训练,从而为特殊教育工作者和患儿家长提供适当的建议.设计:个案报告.单位:南京特殊教育职业技术学院康复系.对象:案例为1998-06出生的男性,南京市人,出生时未发现异常.TG在良好的家庭环境中长大.TG在1岁左右开始学说一些话,但后来讲话越来越少.3岁几乎整天一个字也不讲,拒绝与外界交流.2001-02被沈阳市儿童医院诊断为孤独症.方法:对1例孤独症患儿采用综合干预措施10个月.在研究开始和结束,运用观察法、对比法、访谈法、调查问卷法对孤独症儿童的自我概念进行多方面的评定.主要观察指标:孤独症患儿经综合干预措施后自我概念改善情况.结果:孤独症患儿在经过康复训练后在自我观察、自我评价、自我控制方面与干预前比较有明显的改善.结论:运用多种康复训练的方法可以改善孤独症儿童的自我概念.%BACKGROUND:There are many researches about the psychology and executive function of autistic children in domestic,but few of them about the self-concept.Some scholars have found that although the autistic children do not have clear self-cognition,they have preliminary cognitive ability. OBJECTIVE:To perform the rehabilitative training to improve the serf-concepts of a child with autism in regular class,so as to provide proper advises for the parents of autistic child as well as workers of special education.DESIGN:Case report.SETTING:Department of Rehabilitation,Nanjing Technical College of Special Education.PARTICIPANT: TG, male,was born in June 1998 in Nanjing, with no any abnormity when born.He grew in a good family environment,and learnt to say some words at 1 year old.But from then on,he said little by little,and till 3 years old,he almost said nothing everyday,and did not communicate with outside.In February 2001,TG was diagnosed as autism by Shenyang Children's Hospital.INTERVENTIONS:The comprehensive interventions were conducted for ten months. At the beginning and end of the research,methods of observation,comparison,investigation and interview with questionnaires were adopted to assess the self-concept of the child with autism.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The improvement of autistic child in self-concept after comprehensive intervention.RESULTS:There were significant improvements in the self-observation,self-assessment,and self-regulation compared with those before intervention.CONCLUSION:The self-concept of autistic child can be ameliorated by various rehabilitative trainings.