人骨髓间充质干细胞向神经元样细胞诱导分化

摘要

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) provides the merits such as easy to obtain and small injury. Its low immunogenicity and its potential to easily induce immune tolerance make allogeneic transplant feasible without human leucocyte antigen matching to reduce the adverse effects of immunosupprassants. Density gradient centrifugation has been mostly used to isolate and culture BMSCs in vitro, which can be identified according to biological characteristics, cell surface markers, multi-differentiation potential, low immunogenicity and immune regulation. BMSCs are form the mesoderm, but they can be induced towards the calls from endoderm or ectoderm. Generally, BMSCs of the fifth passage are selected. In addition to use of conventional inducing agents, such as nerve growth factors, ratinoic acid, brain-derived growth factors, basic fibroblast growth factors, and epidermal growth factors, docesahexenoic acid and arachidonic acid are added to accelerate the neuron-like cell differentiation of BMSCs and concomitantly to promote the growth of neuronal axon. However, the security of BMSCs transplantation, in particular the tumorigenicity of tissue, requires further investigation.%骨髓间充质干细胞具备取材方便、对组织损伤小等优点,其低免疫原性及易于诱导机体的免疫耐受性,使得在不需要HLA配型的前提下也可以进行异体移植,从而减少免疫抑制剂的副作用.目前常采用密度梯度离心法体外分离培养人骨髓间充质干细胞,可根据生物学特性、细胞表面标记、多分化潜能、低免疫原性和免疫调节功能对其进行鉴定.骨髓间充质干细胞虽来源于中胚层,但在相应的诱导下可以向内胚层或外胚层的方向分化,一般选取传至第5代的骨髓间充质干细胞,除在培养液中加入传统的诱导剂如神经生长因子、维甲酸、脑源性生长因子、碱性成纤维生长因子、表皮生长因子外,向培养液中加入二十二碳六烯酸和花生四烯酸可诱导加速骨髓间充质干细胞向神经元样细胞分化,并促进神经元轴突的生长.但是骨髓间充质干细胞移植的安全性,尤其是致瘤性的问题仍有待进一步研究.