背景：tau蛋白是一种微管相关蛋白。研究表明，变异的tau蛋白被认为是阿尔茨海默病患者产生老年斑的关键；人突触核蛋白(Syn)是参与形成帕金森病患者淀粉样变性的主要成分。 目的：总结近年来微管相关作用物质的研究进展及其与神经退行性疾病的相关性。 方法：以“tubulin；Alzheimer Disease；Parkinson Disease；Neurodegeneration：微管蛋白；神经退行性疾病；阿尔茨海默病；帕金森病”为检索词，检索1975年3月至2014年3月PubMed数据库及万方医学网相关文献。纳入微管结构与功能、微管与神经退行性疾病相关蛋白、微管蛋白相关物质及其与神经退行性疾病相关研究的文献26篇进行分析探讨。 结果与结论：微管由微管蛋白组成，在细胞中起重要的细胞骨架作用。在神经系统，微管系统的稳定性也是维持胞体和突起间营养转运的基础。已证实微管蛋白与帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病的关键蛋白密切相关。tau蛋白异常聚积导致的轴突转运障碍不仅影响神经元的形态，而且影响其功能。Syn可以促进生长初期原代培养神经元轴突内微管的组装。当细胞受到不良刺激时，发生微管相关物质的不良代谢，导致微管系统产生结构的紊乱和功能的障碍，胞内物质异常堆积，并通过一系列目前尚待阐明的调控机制使细胞逃逸凋亡，从而进入退行性变性。目前的神经退行性疾病的临床治疗也多以替代法治疗为主，尚无特效药物。%BACKGROUND:Tau is a microtubule-associated protein, and variant tau protein is considered to be the key to produce age pigments in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Human synuclein is a main component involved in the formation of amyloidosis in patients with Parkinson’s disease. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research progress of microtubule-associated substance and its correlation with neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed and Wanfang databases was performed for articles related to microtubule structure and function, microtubule and neurodegenerative diseases associated protein, microtubule-associated substances and their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases published from March 1975 to March 2014. The keywords were “tubulin; Alzheimer disease; Parkinson disease; neurodegeneration” in English and Chinese, respectively. Finaly 26 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Microtubule is composed of tubulin and plays an important role as cytoskeleton in cels. In the nervous system, the stability of microtubule system is the foundation of maintaining the nutrient transport between cel bodies and processes. Some researches have confirmed that tubulin is closely related to the key proteins of Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. The aggregation of tau impairs the axonal transport and further influences the morphology and function of neurons. Synuclein can facilitate the polymerization of tubulin into microtubules in early stage of primary cultured neurons. When cels are subject to bad stimulation, abnormal metabolism of microtubule, and its associated substances wil lead to the disorder of microtubule system and abnormal accumulation of intracelular substances. The neurons wil be eventualy degeneration but not apoptosis through unclarified mechanism. Replacement therapy is mainly used in the clinical treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and there is no patent medicine or treatment method.
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