中医推拿治疗腰椎间盘突出症：应用规律10年文献分析

摘要

背景：目前中医推拿手法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的相关文献以临床观察研究、回顾性研究、临床经验总结为主，在研究设计、病例选择、评价指标等诸多方面存在不足之处及差异性；其综述类文章作者对参考文献选择的随意性及倾向性很强，且对文献质量未做分析及评估，导致文章的观点存在偏倚及缺乏客观性。　　目的：通过检索万方、维普、CNKI数据库，探讨近10年文献中中医推拿手法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的应用规律。　　方法：以“腰椎间盘突出症”、“中医”、“推拿”、“手法”、“按摩”、“康复”、“弹拨”、“点压”、“按压”、“指压”为关键词，通过万方、CNKI、维普3个中文数据库对推拿手法治疗腰椎间盘突出症近10年文献进行检索，并采用分层聚类统计方法统计分析治疗腰椎间盘突出症的前20种手法。　　结果与结论：治疗腰椎间盘突出症的前20种推拿手法频次及分层聚类的结果表明：中医推拿治疗腰椎间盘突出症的手法主要有以下几大类，第一类为作用于人体的软组织类手法：法、拿法、推法、压法；第二类为点压穴位类手法：以足太阳膀胱经(肾俞穴、大肠俞穴、关元俞穴、秩边穴、承扶穴、委中穴、承山穴、昆仑穴)，足少阳胆经(环跳穴、阳陵泉穴)、督脉(腰阳关穴)、足阳明胃经(足三里穴)腧穴及压痛点(阿是穴)为主；第三类为作用于人体骨与关节的手法：腰部斜扳法、腰部背伸法、骨盆牵引法、直腿抬高法。可见推拿手法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的潜在应用规律是以点压穴位(足太阳膀胱经、足少阳胆经、督脉、足阳明胃经腧穴及阿是穴)为主，并配合作用于人体软组织类手法(法、拿法、推压脊柱法)及骨与关节类手法(腰部斜扳法、腰部背伸法、骨盆牵引法、直腿抬高法)为辅。%BACKGROUND:The currently published literatures about Tuina manipulation for lumbar disc herniation include clinical observations, retrospective study and summary of clinical experience, which have shortcomings in the study design, choice of cases and outcome measures. Reviews may enrol randomized and intended references, and has no analysis or evaluation on the quality of involved literatures, leading to the bias and subjective views. OBJECTIVE:To research the application laws of Tuina manipulation for treating lumbar disc herniation through literature analysis within 10 years. METHODS:The key words of“lumbar disc herniation, traditional Chinese medicine, Tuina, manipulation, massage, rehabilitation, poking channels, point pressing, palpating pressing, and finger pressing”in Chinese were used to search the literature about Tuina manipulation in treatment of lumbar disc herniation within recent 10 years published in the Wanfang database, Vip database and CNKI database. The top 20 manipulations of Tuina for lumbar disc herniation were and statistical analyzed with hierarchical clustering statistical method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The hierarchical clustering analysis results showed that, Tuina manipulations for lumbar disc herniation are as fol ows:(1) manipulations acted on soft tissue, including rol ing, holding, pushing and pressing;(2) manipulations acted on acupuncture point, including Urinary Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang acupuncture points (Shengshu, Dachangshu, Guanyuanshu, Zhibian, Chengfu, Weizhong, Chengshan and Kunlun), Gal Bladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang acupuncture points (Huantiao and Yanglingquan), Yaoyangguan point in Du Meridian, Zusanli point in Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming, and tender points;(3) manipulations acted on human bones and joints, including waist inclined pul method, waist back-stretching method, pelvic traction method and straight-leg raising method. The findings indicate that the potential application laws of Tuina manipulation for treating lumbar disc herniation are given priority to pressing acupuncture points (Urinary Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang acupuncture point, Gal Bladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang acupuncture point, Du Meridian, Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming acupuncture point and tender points), at the same time companied with manipulations acted on soft tissue (rol ing, holding, pushing spinal method), and bones and joints (waist inclined pul method, waist back-stretching method, pelvic traction method and straight-leg raising method).