背景：金纳米棒具有独特的光学性质、良好的组织相容性、易控的表面修饰性，其在生物及医学领域有着广阔的应用前景。目的：综述金纳米颗粒特别是金纳米棒的光学性质、光热疗法及对肿瘤放射增敏的机制与研究进展。方法：由作者检索 PubMed 数据库和中国知网数据库获得文献，英文检索词为“gold nanoparticles ， radiotherapy sensitivity”，中文检索词为“金纳米颗粒，放疗增敏”。纳入用于体内外临床研究的金纳米颗材料，以及与肿瘤放疗敏感相关的金纳米颗粒研究。结果与结论：金纳米颗粒拥有独特的表面等离子共振效应，与传统球形金纳米颗粒不同的是，金纳米棒具有2个表面等离子共振效应峰，分别对应其横轴和纵轴2个特征尺寸。通过控制不同纵横轴比能够实现纵向表面等离子共振效应峰位置的人为调控，为金纳米棒自由进入近红外光区开辟了一条有效路径。金纳米棒具有低毒、高效、高产而作为一种新颖放射增敏剂，其增敏作用不仅与照射剂量、自身浓度、自身尺寸、表面修饰物有关，尚与放射线的种类和所取得细胞系种类等多种因素相关。但金纳米棒放射增敏作用如何避免放射线种类的限制、如何选择适宜修饰物提高靶向性高效杀伤肿瘤，以及如何最大程度利用金纳米棒等还需进一步优化和深入。%BACKGROUND:Gold nanorods have unique optical properties, good histocompatibility, easily control ed surface modification, which have a broad application prospect in the field of biology and medicine. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the optical and thermal properties of gold nanoparticles, and to review the mechanism and research advances of gold nanoparticles, especial y gold nanorods in tumor sensitize radiotherapy. METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed and CNKI databases was undertaken with the keywords of“gold nanoparticles, radiotherapy sensitivity”in English and Chinese, respectively. The included articles were related to nanoparticles used in vitro and in vivo for clinic study as wel as gold nanoparticles-related tumor sensitize radiotherapy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Gold nanoparticles exhibit unique properties of surface plasmon resonance properties. Compared with the traditional spherical gold nanoparticles, gold nanorods are capsule-like gold nanoparticles containing two absorption peaks that are a transverse surface plasmon resonance absorption peak and a longitudinal surface plasmon resonance absorption peak corresponding to the dimensional characteristics of their horizontal axis and vertical axis, respectively. By regulation of the ratio of horizontal axis and vertical axis, we can realize the manipulation of the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance absorption peak location. Thus, the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance absorption peak can be changed from visible region to the near-infrared region which is the most ideal optical transmission through for al of biological tissues. As a kind of novel radiotherapy sensitization agent, gold nanorods have the properties of low toxicity, high efficiency, high yield. Its sensitization effect is not only related to the exposure dose, own concentration and size, surface modified compounds, but also related to the types of radiation and celllines. However, for radiotherapy sensitization of gold nanorods how to avoid the limits of radioactive ray species, choose appropriate trim and maximize the use of gold nanorods stil need a further research.
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