经鼻内途径移植骨髓间充质干细胞治疗脑损伤：还有多少问题待验证？

摘要

BACKGROUND:Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can promote repair of brain injuries in animals. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research progress in intranasal delivery of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to the brain. METHODS:A computer-based online retrieval of PubMed and Wanfang databases was performed to search papers published during January 1999 to January 2014 with the key words of“bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, brain injury, transplantation”in English and Chinese. Thirty-eight papers were included in the final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Nowadays, many studies have been certified that the transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can significantly ameliorate the function of cranial nerve in animal models of brain injury. Many researchers have searched for the transplantation methods and approaches and have made progresses in many aspects. In this article, we compare the different transplantation ways of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to the brain. We focus on the intranasal transplantation route in the fol owing aspects:processing of the nasal mucosa;delivery route to the brain;labeling and intracranial observation of stem cells;animal experiments. We conclude that the intranasal delivery of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to the brain has a wide clinical application as a noninvasive transplantation.%背景：动物实验发现骨髓间充质干细胞移植后可促进脑损伤的修复。目的：综述经鼻内途径移植骨髓间充质干细胞到颅内的现状。方法：应用计算机检索1999年1月至2014年1月PubMed相关文章，检索词为“bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel ，brain injury，transplantation”，并限定文章语言种类为English。同时计算机检索1999年1月至2014年1月万方数据库相关文章，检索词为“骨髓间充质干细胞、脑损伤、移植”，并限定文章语言种类为中文，最终纳入符合标准的文献38篇。结果与结论：近年来，较多的研究证实骨髓间充质干细胞移植能明显改善脑损伤模型动物的脑神经功能。许多研究者对移植的方法和途径进行了细致的研究和探索，并取得了多方面的进展。文章比较了骨髓间充质干细胞进入颅内的不同移植途径，重点从鼻黏膜的处理、移植入脑的路径、干细胞的标记与颅内观察、动物实验4个方面对经鼻内移植的途径进行了介绍，可见经鼻内途径将骨髓间充质干细胞移植到颅内，作为一种非侵袭性移植方法是具有广阔应用前景的。