BACKGROUND:Olfactory ensheathing cells can promote the repair of the central nervous system. Composite engineering materials prepared by the combination of chitosan and col agen have been widely used in the construction of tissue-engineered nerve conduits. OBJECTIVE:To explore the repair effect of olfactory ensheathing cells and chitosan in the treatment of sciatic nerve injury in rats. METHODS:Rat models of sciatic nerve injury were prepared. Olfactory ensheathing cells combined with chitosan scaffold were used to connect the injured sciatic nerve. In the chitosan scaffold group, only the chitosan scaffold was utilized. In the control group, no treatment was done. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 1-4 weeks fol owing surgery, sciatic functional index and motion evoked potential were monitored and histological examination was performed. Sciatic functional index was significantly improved in the olfactory ensheathing cells+chitosan scaffold group (P<0.05). Motion evoked potential was significantly lower in the olfactory ensheathing cells+chitosan scaffold group compared with other groups (P<0.001). Histological examinations showed new nerve fibers and rare inflammatory reaction in the olfactory ensheathing cells+chitosan scaffold group. These findings indicate that autologous olfactory ensheathing cells combined with chitosan scaffold exerts good repair effects on treatment of sciatic nerve injury, and can be considered as an ideal tissue engineering material.%背景：嗅鞘细胞可促进中枢神经损伤修复。将壳聚糖与胶原结合制备复合工程材料，已经广泛应用于组织工程化神经导管的构建。 目的：探讨嗅鞘细胞复合壳聚糖用于治疗大鼠坐骨神经损伤的修复作用。 方法：建立坐骨神经缺损大鼠模型，用联合培养的原代培养大鼠嗅鞘细胞和壳聚糖支架连接于缺损处，设为嗅鞘细胞结合壳聚糖组；单纯壳聚糖支架组用单纯壳聚糖支架连接缺损；空白单纯壳聚糖支架组不作任何处理。 结果与结论：建模后1-4周分别检测大鼠坐骨神经功能指数，运动诱发电位潜伏期以及组织学检查发现，与嗅鞘细胞结合壳聚糖组大鼠坐骨神经功能指数显著升高(P<0.05)，运动诱发电位潜伏期显著低于单纯壳聚糖支架组和空白对照组(P<0.01)，且嗅鞘细胞结合壳聚糖组有新生的神经达到远侧端，周围少有炎症反应。说明嗅鞘细胞结合壳聚糖支架修复坐骨神经损伤效果较好。
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