静态拉伸与下肢肌力锻炼在老年平衡能力中的意义

摘要

背景：进入老龄化社会后，通过改善老年人的平衡能力来预防跌倒，减少骨折等意外伤害的发生已经受到了各方面的广泛重视。目的：设计适合老年人的静态拉伸和下肢肌力相结合的运动方案并借以研究其对老年人平衡能力的影响。方法：对28名符合入选标准的老年人进行为期3个月的静态拉伸和下肢肌力训练，3次/周，60 min/次。训练前后分别用 PRO-KIN 平衡仪进行睁、闭眼双脚站立静态平衡能力评估；用闭目原地踏步和反复坐起测试进行动态平衡能力和下肢肌力的评估。对比分析前后两次测试结果。结果与结论：在睁眼状态下，锻炼前后的压力中心的X轴平均坐标、运动椭圆面积差异均有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)；左右方向平均运动速度差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)；闭目原地踏步测试脚触线时间和反复坐起时间均差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。结果表明，静态拉伸与下肢肌力锻炼相结合能够有效提高老年人的平衡能力，可作为预防老年人跌倒的有效锻炼方式。%BACKGROUND:After entering the aging society, improving the balance function to prevent fals and reduce incidence of fractures in the elderly has received widespread attentions in al aspects. OBJECTIVE: To design a training program for the elderly, involving static stretching and strength exercise of lower limb, in order to study the combined effect on the balance function of the elderly. METHODS: Static stretching and strength training of the lower limbs were carried out in 28 elderly persons who met the inclusion criteria for 3 months, three times a week, once for 60 minutes. Before and after exercise training, the static balance ability with foot standing, eyes open and eyes closed was evaluated using the PRO-KIN balance instrument; the dynamic balance ability and lower limb strength were evaluated using treadmil test with eyes closed and chair-stand test. Evaluation results before and after exercise were compared and anayzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the eyes open state, the average X-axis coordinate and exercise-induced elipse area at the center of pressure were significant different before and after exercise (P < 0.01); the mean velocities at the left and right direction were of significant difference before and after exercise (P < 0.05); the results of treadmil test with eyes closed and chair-stand test also presented very significant differences before and after exercise (P < 0.01). Static stretching combined with lower limb strength exercise can effectively improve the balance function and lower limb strength of the elderly, which can be used as an effective exercise way to prevent the fals in the elderly.