后肢急性缺血大鼠模型的构建及评估

摘要

背景：目前国内广泛采用大鼠肢体缺血模型对肢体缺血的病理过程和治疗方法进行研究，但在模型的构建及评估上存在一定争议，故急需一种可靠、经济、制作方便的疾病模型。目的：探索不同方式制备的 SD 大鼠后肢急性缺血模型患肢缺血的程度、持续时间和变化规律，寻找肢体缺血程度适中、稳定，维持时间较长的模型制备方法。方法：随机将72只SD大鼠等分为4组：A组大鼠给予假手术，分离肾动脉水平以下的腹主动脉和髂腰动脉、右股浅动脉、腘动脉、隐动脉；B 组大鼠切断右股浅动脉、腘动脉、隐动脉，切除右股浅动脉，建立后肢急性缺血模型；C组大鼠结扎腹主动脉、两侧腹壁阴部动脉，建立后肢急性缺血模型；D组大鼠结扎腹主动脉、髂腰动脉和腰动脉，建立后肢急性缺血模型。结果与结论：造模后2，4，6周，以不同方法建立后肢急性缺血模型的 B、C、D 组大鼠右后肢肌力弱于 A组；4周D组肌力弱于B、C组；6周B、D组肌力仍有弱于C组的趋势。造模后2，4，6周，B、C、D组右后肢静脉血氧分压均低于A组；造模后2，4周，D组低于B、C组；造模后6周D组仍低于C组。造模后2、4周，3个造模组右后肢肌组织部分肌细胞崩解，纤维结缔组织增生，毛细血管增多，炎细胞浸润，且D 组病理变化最重。造模后6周，3组纤维结缔组织增生减轻，毛细血管增生、扩张、充血。提示结扎大鼠肾动脉下方腹主动脉、髂腰动脉和腰动脉的后肢缺血模型，缺血程度适中，缺血状态稳定，维持时间较长，制作方便。%BACKGROUND:The limb ischemia model in rats has been widely applied in China to study the pathological process and treatment method of limb ischemia, but there are some controversies on the model construction and evaluation, so a reliable, convenient and economical disease model is needed for the related research. OBJECTIVE:To compare limb ischemia degree, duration and changing rule of acute hind limb ischemia models prepared by different ways in Sprague-Dawley rats, and find a method to prepare models that have moderate and stable limb ischemia and maintain a longer time. METHODS: 72 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, with 18 rats in each group. Group A: sham operation group, abdominal aorta below renal artery and iliolumbar artery, right superficial femoral artery, popliteal artery, saphenous artery were separated. Group B: the right superficial femoral artery, popliteal artery, saphenous artery were cut off, and the right femoral artery was resected to establish acute hind limb ischemic model. Group C: abdominal aorta and bilateral abdominal perineal artery were ligated to establish acute hind limb ischemic model. Group D: abdominal aorta, iliolumbar artery and lumbar artery were ligated to establish acute hind limb ischemic model. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Right hind limb muscle strengths of rats in groups B, C, D were weaker than that in group A at weeks 2, 4, 6 after operation; muscle strengths in group D was weaker than that in groups B, C at week 4 after operation; muscle strengths in groups B, D was stil weaker than that in group C at week 6 after operation. The partial venous oxygen pressure of right hind limbs in groups B, C, D was lower than that in group A at weeks 2, 4, 6 after operation; the partial venous oxygen pressure in group D was lower than that in groups B and C at weeks 2, 4 after operation; and group D was stil lower than group C at week 6 after operation. At weeks 2, 4 after operation, some muscle cels in the right hind limb muscle tissue were disrupted, fibrous connective tissue hyperplasia and capilary hyperplasia were detected, inflammatory cels infiltrated in the groups B, C, D. These pathological findings were more apparent in group D. Fiber connective tissue hyperplasia was attenuated, capilary hyperplasia, expansion and congestion were found in each group at week 6 postoperatively. The method of ligating abdominal aorta, iliolumbar artery and lumbar artery below renal artery for hind limb ischemia model can obtain moderate and stable ischemia conditions, maintain a long time, and is convenient to prepare.