背景:兔是激素性股骨头缺血坏死病因与病理机制研究最常使用的实验模型动物,该建模技术的完善与创新研究至今仍然是一个值得关注的现实问题.目的:改良激素联合脂多糖建立兔股骨头缺血坏死模型的技术,验证其降低兔死亡率、保证建模成功率等方面的效果.方法:28只新西兰大白兔随机分为对照组(n=10)和改良组(n=18),采用不同方法建立激素性股骨头缺血坏死模型.改良组兔左侧臀肌注射青霉素钠5.0 mg/kg、硫酸阿米卡星1.63×104 U/kg,24 h后右侧臀肌注射醋酸泼尼松龙20 mg/kg,48 h后耳缘静脉注射脂多糖5.0 μg/kg,之后每间隔24 h左右侧臀肌交替注射醋酸泼尼松20 mg/kg各1次,期间连续2周腹腔注射青霉素钠5.0 mg/kg、硫酸阿米卡星1.63×104 U/kg.对照组通过兔耳缘静脉注射脂多糖10 μg/kg,之后每间隔24 h肌注醋酸泼尼松龙20 mg/kg,共3次,每周1次肌注青霉素钠20×104 U/只.结果与结论:两组兔均成功建立激素性股骨头缺血坏死模型.与对照组相比,改良组兔造模后死亡率明显降低,股骨头骨陷窝及骨坏死明显.提示新改良的激素性股骨头缺血坏死模型建立方法可有效减轻了臀肌注射局部的损伤程度,能保证造模成功率,显著降低了兔死亡率.%BACKGROUND:The rabbits were widely used as experimental animal models in the research on etiology and pathological mechanism of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. It is stil a valuable and realistic research topic to improve and to innovate the modeling technology nowadays. OBJECTIVE:To improve the modeling technology on osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rabbits induced by glucocorticoid combined with lipopolysaccharide, with the focus on its reduced mortality and the guaranteed successful rate of modeling. METHODS:A total of 28 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into the control group (n=10) and improvement group (n=18). Models of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head were established according to different methods. In the improvement group, rabbits were injected with sodium penicilin (5.0 mg/kg) and amikacin sulfate (1.63×104 U/kg) in the left gluteus muscle. Twenty-four hours later, al rabbits were injected with prednisolone acetate (20 mg/kg) in the right gluteus muscle. Forty-eighthours later, 5.0 μg/kg of lipopolysaccharide was intravenously injectedvia the ear. From then on, two injections of prednisolone acetate (20 mg/kg) were respectively performed alternately in the left and right gluteal muscle at an interval of each 24 hours. Sodium penicilin (5.0 mg/kg) and amikacin sulfate (1.63×104 U/kg) were intraperitonealy injected for 2 consecutiveweeks. In the control group, 10 μg/kg lipopolysaccharide was injectedvia the ear vein of rabbit. From then on, prednisolone acetate (20 mg/kg) was intramuscularly injected at an interval of each 24 hours, totaly three times. Benzylpenicilin sodium 20×104 U/rabbit was intramuscularly injected once a week. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Rabbit models of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head were successfuly established in both groups. Compared with the control group, the mortality was significantly reduced after model establishment in the improvement group, and the bone lacuna and osteonecrosis of the femoral head were apparent. These findings indicated that the improved technology of model establishment of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head could be used to aleviate the damage degree on the gluteal muscles, to guarantee the successful rate of modeling, and to noticeably reduce the mortality of rabbits.
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