BACKGROUND:Pathogenesis of endometriosis involves many factors that ultimately lead to the emergence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress in the theory of endometrial stem cel s, and to provide suggestions for the pathogenesis and treatment of endometriosis. METHODS:VIP database and PubMed database were retrieved for articles addressing endometriosis stem cel theory, including original research, experimental analysis, case analysis and review, published from January 2005 to October 2015. Keywords were"endometriosis, stem cel s"in Chinese and English, respectively. After removal of repetitive articles, 48 articles were included for final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Endometrial stem/progenitor cel s may exist in the endometrium, and these cel s and bone marrow stem cel s are speculated to be involved in the occurrence of endometriosis. Therefore, treatment of endometriosis is targeted to endometrial stem/progenitor cel s and abnormal regulation on signal transduction pathway, which provides new insight into the mechanism of action and treatment of endometriosis.%背景：子宫内膜异位症的发病机制涉及诸多因素，最终导致子宫腔外出现子宫内膜腺体及间质。目的：综述子宫内膜干细胞学说的研究进展，为探讨子宫内膜异位症发病机制及其治疗方案提供建议。方法：检索2005年1月至2015年10月维普数据库及PubMed数据库，检索词为“子宫内膜异位症，干细胞，endometriosis，stem cel”，检索有关子宫内膜异位症干细胞学说研究进展的相关文献，文献类型包括研究原著、实验分析、病例分析及综述等，排除重复性研究，共纳入48篇文献进行综述。结果与结论：子宫内膜可能存在子宫内膜干/祖细胞，这些细胞与骨髓干细胞被推测参与了子宫内膜异位症的发生，并且与子宫内膜的周期性更新有关。因此治疗的切入点应是子宫内膜干/祖细胞，通过靶向子宫内膜干/祖细胞及其异常调节的信号转导通路来治疗子宫内膜异位症，以上观点为分析子宫内膜异位症的作用机制及其治疗开辟了新的思路。
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