背景：超重和肥胖会导致男性体内性激素的分泌出现紊乱，雌性激素含量的升高可能会对雄性激素的合成分泌产生抑制，并且会加剧脂肪堆积，形成恶性循环。而运动能有效降低体脂。目的：观察不同运动负荷对肥胖雄性小鼠性激素和精子质量的影响。方法：刚断乳的雄性C57BL/6J小鼠，分为正常对照组和肥胖造模组。肥胖造模组喂以高脂饲料10周建立小鼠肥胖模型。每日记录饮食饮水量，每周称体质量1次。造模成功后分为肥胖中度负荷运动组和大负荷运动组，运动干预8周，测量体长、体质量、腹腔脂肪、睾丸、附睾、精囊腺称质量；附睾尾精子计数法观察精子活性和活动度；酶联免疫法测定血清黄体生成素、卵泡刺激素、睾酮、雌二醇。结果与结论：与正常对照组相比，肥胖对照组小鼠体质量、腹腔脂肪质量、lee's指数显著升高(P <0.01)；睾丸和精囊腺系数显著降低(P <0.01)；血清黄体生成素、卵泡刺激素、睾酮水平显著降低、雌二醇水平显著升高(P <0.05)；精子数及活动度显著下降(P <0.01)。与肥胖对照组相比，肥胖中度负荷和大负荷运动组小鼠体质量、腹腔脂肪质量、lee's指数显著下降(P<0.05或P <0.01)；睾丸和附睾系数显著升高(P <0.05或P <0.01)。肥胖中度负荷运动组小鼠血清黄体生成素、卵泡刺激素、睾酮水平显著升高(P <0.05或P <0.01)，雌二醇水平显著下降(P <0.05)；精子数及活动度显著升高(P <0.01，P <0.05)。与肥胖中度负荷运动组相比，肥胖大负荷运动组小鼠腹腔脂肪质量和lee's指数显著下降(P<0.05)；血清黄体生成素、卵泡刺激素、睾酮含量，精子数及活动度下降(P <0.01)。结果说明长期高脂饮食诱发雄性早期肥胖会抑制生殖腺和生殖器官的发育，导致雄性激素水平和精子的质量下降；长期中等负荷运动能有效降低体脂，改善早期肥胖对雄性生殖器官和腺体的抑制作用，缓解肥胖对生殖功能的负面影响；长期大负荷运动降低体脂的效果虽然好于中等负荷运动，但对改善肥胖小鼠的雄性激素水平、缓解肥胖对生殖功能的负面影响方面作用不大，甚至有加重的倾向。%BACKGROUND:Overweight and obesity can lead to a disorder of sex hormone in men. The increase in female hormone levels may inhibit the synthesis and secretion of male hormone, increase fat accumulation and form a vicious circle. Exercise can effectively reduce body fat. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different exercise loads on sex hormone and the quality of sperm in obese male mice. METHODS: Weanling male C57BL/6J mice were divided into normal control group and obesity group. Mice in the obesity group were given high fat diet for 10 weeks to establish mouse model of obesity. The amount of food and water was recorded daily. Body weight was weighed once every week. After model induction, models were assigned to obesity moderate load exercise group and obesity high load exercise group. These models did exercises for 8 weeks. Body length was measured. Body weight, abdominal fat, testis, epididymis and seminal vesicle were weighed. Sperm activity and motility were observed by the sperm counting method in the epididymis tail. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum progesterone, folicle stimulating hormone, testosterone and estradiol. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the normal control group, body weight, abdominal fat weight, and lee’s index were increased (P < 0.01); the coefficient of testis and seminal vesicle were significantly decreased (P < 0.01); serum levels of luteinizing hormone, folicle stimulating hormone and testosterone were significantly decreased and estradiol level was significantly increased (P< 0.05); sperm count and activity were significantly decreased in the obesity group (P < 0.01). Compared with the obesity group, body weight, abdominal fat weight and lee’s index were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 orP < 0.01); the coefficient of testis and seminal vesicle were significantly increased in the obesity moderate load exercise group and obesity high load exercise group (P < 0.05 orP < 0.01). Serum luteinizing hormone, folicle stimulating hormone and testosterone levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05 orP < 0.01); estradiol levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05); sperm count and activity were significantly increased (P < 0.01,P < 0.05) in the obesity moderate load exercise group. Compared with the obesity moderate load exercise group, abdominal fat weight and lee’s index were significantly reduced (P < 0.05); serum luteinizing hormone, folicle stimulating hormone, testosterone, sperm count and activity were decreased in the obesity high load exercise group (P < 0.01). These results indicate that long-term high fat diet leads to early obesity in males, inhibits the development of the reproductive gland and reproductive organs, and causes the decrease of the level of male hormone and sperm quality. Long-term moderate load exercise effectively reduces body fat, improves the inhibitory effect on male reproductive organs and glands, and relieves the negative effect of obesity on reproductive function. The effect of long-term large load exercise on reducing body fat is better than medium load exercise, but it has little effect on improving the level of male hormone in obese mice or on relieving the negative effect of obesity on reproductive function, even has a tendency to aggravate.
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