组织工程学在泌尿外科应用中的研究与进展

摘要

背景:组织工程学的兴起为泌尿系组织器官缺损的修复提供了新的研究方向,泌尿组织工程学显示出了良好的发展前景.目的:综述近年来国内外对泌尿组织工程学的研究进展.方法:计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)和PubMed数据库2000年1月至2016年1月的相关文章,中文检索词为"组织工程,泌尿外科,种子细胞,支架材料,血管化";英文检索词为"tissue engineering,urology,scaffold,vascularization",选择与泌尿组织工程学概述、支架材料和血管化等方面相关的文章,并进行总结、整理和论述.结果与结论:①种子细胞的选择与获取、支架材料的性能、体外组织的构建及血管化程度均对组织工程成功修复泌尿系损伤产生重要影响;②适宜的种子细胞是泌尿组织工程研究的基础,不同的种子细胞生物学特性各异,各具优缺点,所以应用时应充分衡量利弊,合理选择;③具有良好三维结构的支架材料对于细胞生长增殖、组织长入和血管化等方面均有积极的促进作用;④组织工程材料较传统修补材料更具优势,但是目前仅初步应用于临床,尚未形成规模,许多问题尚待解决,例如生产的组织有别于自身组织,功能不完善;生物支架可能出现排异反应,导致再生失败等.%BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering provides a new way for the repair of urinary tissue and organ defects.Urinary tissue engineering has shown a bright prospect.OBJECTIVE: To review the latest research on urinary tissue engineering at national and international level.METHODS: With the keywords of "tissue engineering, urology, scaffold, vascularization" in Chinese and in English,respectively, a computer-based search for articles published from January 2000 to January 2016 was performed in CNKI and PubMed databases. The articles addressing urology tissue engineering, scaffolds and vascularization were collected,summarized and analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The selection and cultivation of seed cells, scaffold material performance, tissue construction in vitro, and degree of vascularization all make an important influence on the repair of urinary injuries. As different seed cells hold different biological characteristics, we should make full consideration prior to choosing an appropriate seed cell, so as to pave a good foundation for urinary tissue engineering. Scaffolds with good three-dimensional structure can promote the cell growth and proliferation, tissue in-growth and vascularization.Tissue-engineered materials are superior to traditional repair materials, but still on initial stage, and further large scale trials will be necessary. Moreover, some problems needed to be solved, such as the regenerated tissue with incomplete function different from natural tissues, and regeneration failure caused by biological stent rejection.