髋关节置换过程中假体位置的有限元分析

摘要

BACKGROUND:Three-dimensional finite element studies found that the instal ation location of the hip prosthesis is closely related to the effects of hip replacement, but studies on different anteversion and abduction angle of the hip prosthesis mounting position on the effects of hip biomechanics are not much. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the biomechanical characteristics of different prosthetic positions in hip arthroplasty using three-dimensional finite element analysis. METHODS:One healthy volunteer was selected and data of pelvis and femur were col ected. Three-dimensional geometric model of this volunteer was established and received finite element network partitioning. CT scan was used to obtain prosthesis model data and accurate prosthesis model was established. 16 kinds of different prosthesis position model of hip replacement were established. Vertical y downward force of 780 N was applied on the top of sacroiliac joint and pubic symphysis. The acetabular stress peak, femoral stress peaks, polyethylene liner peak stress and polyethylene liner damage zone volume of 16 kinds of model were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The acetabular stress peak, femoral stress peaks, polyethylene liner peak stress and polyethylene liner damage zone volume of 16 kinds of different prosthesis position model of hip replacement, anteversion angle 10° abduction angle 50° got the best results. The acetabular stress peak was 51.23 MPa;femoral stress peak was 26.34 MPa. Polyethylene liner peak stress was 5.288 MPa and polyethylene liner damage zone volume was 2.239×10-7 m3. (2) These results indicated that anteversion angle 10° abduction angle 50° is the ideal hip replacement degree. The peak stresses of acetabulum, femur, and polyethylene liner at this instal ation angle are minimum;polyethylene liner damage zone volume is also minimum. This can provide data for clinical reference.%背景：三维有限元法研究发现，髋关节假体的安装位置和髋关节置换效果关系密切，但关于不同前倾角和外展角髋关节假体安装位置对髋关节生物力学影响的研究不多。　　目的：应用三维有限元法分析不同假体安放位置髋关节置换的生物力学特点。　　方法：选择1名健康志愿者，获得志愿者骨盆和股骨的影像资料，建立该志愿者的骨盆和股骨的三维几何模型并进行有限元网络划分，采用CT扫描获得假体模型数据建立准确的假体模型，然后建立16种不同假体安放位置的髋关节置换模型。在骶髂关节和耻骨联合上方垂直向下施加780 N的力，观察16种模型的髋臼应力峰值、股骨应力峰值、聚乙烯内衬应力峰值和聚乙烯内衬破坏区体积情况。　　结果与结论：①16种不同假体安放位置的髋关节置换模型观察结果显示，前倾角为10°外展角50°时，髋臼的应力峰值最小，为51.23 MPa；股骨的应力峰值最小，为26.34 MPa；聚乙烯内衬的应力峰值最小，为5.288 MPa；聚乙烯内衬破坏区体积最小，为2.239×10-7 m3；②结果可见，假体安装角度为前倾角10°外展角50°时最理想，此安装角度髋臼、股骨、聚乙烯内衬的应力峰值和聚乙烯内衬破坏区体积均最小，可为临床提供参考数据。