背景：组织工程生物材料具有与自体组织相似的结构与功能。目的：观察骨生物材料复合大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞异位成骨治疗肋骨大段缺损的效果。方法：取Wistar大鼠50只，制备右侧大段肋骨缺损模型，随机分为2组，对照组于骨缺损处置入氯化钙-藻酸钠凝胶，实验组于骨缺损处植入氯化钙-藻酸钠-骨髓间充质干细胞复合物。植入后2，4，8周，进行胸部X射线及骨缺损处组织形态学观察。结果与结论：①X射线观察结果：植入后2周，实验组骨缺损区无明显变化；植入后4周，缺损部位开始出现骨质痕迹；植入后8周，缺损部位大部分充满骨质，缺损两端逐渐相接。对照组缺损部位始终未见明显骨质修复，缺损两端逐渐封闭并硬化；②骨缺损处组织形态学观察结果：植入后2周，实验组材料腔隙中可见少量骨纤维组织，大量炎性细胞聚集，材料与骨质末端无连接；对照组骨缺部位可见大量炎性细胞，未见骨组织形成。植入后4周，实验组支架逐渐降解，可见大量新生骨质；对照组支架仅少量降解，缺损两端出现骨组织聚集。植入后8周，实验组支架大部分降解，可见大量骨组织、骨小梁等组织结构，缺损两端与再生骨质连接；对照组支架大部分降解，缺损两端出现骨硬化；③结果表明：骨生物材料复合大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞可促进肋骨大段缺损的修复。%BACKGROUND:Tissue-engineered biomaterials have the similar structure and function with autologous tissues. OBJECTIVE:To explore the osteoinduction of the bone biomaterial composited with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s in the treatment of large costal defects. METHODS:Forty Wistar rats were enrol ed used for the preparation of right large costal defect models, and then randomized into two groups, fol owed by the implantation of calcium chloride-sodium alginate gel (control group) or chloride-sodium alginate-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s (experimental group). At 2, 4 and 8 weeks after implantation, chest X-ray radiograph and histological examination of the defect region were conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:X-ray showed that in the experimental group, the defect area had no significant changes at the 2nd week after implantation until the formation of few bones at the 4th week;and at the 8th week, both ends of the defect region gradual y connected, and newly formed bones were ful of the defect. In contrast, the defect region in the control group showed no obvious bone healing, and both ends of the defect closed and osteosclerosis occurred. In the experimental group, there were a smal amount of fibrous tissues and numerous inflammatory cel s infiltratied in the material compartment, and no connection occured between the material and broken ends;there were numerous inflammatory cel s but no bone tissues in the control group at the 2nd week. At the 4th week, the scaffold degraded gradual y and abundant bone tissues were seen in the experimental group;the scaffold degraded little, and bone tissues aggregatied at the both defect ends in the control group. Up to the 8th week, the two kinds of scaffolds degraded mostly. A large number of bone tissues and trabeculae formed and the both defect ends were connected with the newly formed bones in the experimental groups, while in the control group, osteosclerosis appeared at both ends of the defect. To conclude, the bone biomaterial composited with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s promotes the repair of large costal defects.
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