聚乙二醇免疫伪装功能的应用

摘要

BACKGROUND: Cell therapy, recombinant proteins and biomacromolecule preparations have been widely used in clinical practice; however, transplant rejections caused by xenogeneic proteins limit the safe and reusable use of such macromolecules. OBJECTIVE: To review the immunocamouflage mechanism of polyethylene glycol and the current application in the modification of macromolecules or biological vectors. METHODS: The authors retrieved articles about the immune camouflage of polyethylene glycol in WanFang, VIP and PubMed databases by the keywords as follows: "polyethylene glycol; immunocamouflage or immune camouflage; transplantation, and rejection" in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Polyethylene glycol produces an immune camouflage by forming a stereoscopic charge barrier. The pegylation on the cell surface inhibits the adhesion, recognition and immune pathway involved in the heterogeneous recognition, which can interfere with many aspects of the immune response. The pegylated erythrocytes, islet cells, and lymphocytes show a decrease in the immunogenicity and a prolonged survival after allogeneic or xenotransplantation. Some factors including concentration, molecular weight, modification time, pH value can affect the immune camouflage of polyethylene glycol. The anti-PEG antibody and its effects need to be further elucidated.%背景:细胞治疗、重组蛋白及生物大分子制剂被广泛应用于临床,然而异种蛋白引起的排斥反应限制了此类大分子物质的安全重复使用.目的:综述聚乙二醇免疫伪装功能的机制及其在细胞、蛋白质等大分子与生物载体修饰方面的研究及应用.方法:以"聚乙二醇;免疫伪装;移植;排斥反应"或"polyethylene glycol;immunocamouflage or immune camouflage;transplantation;rejection" 为检索词,检索万方、维普数据库和PubMed数据库中关于聚乙二醇免疫伪装的文章.结果与结论:聚乙二醇通过在修饰物周围形成立体电荷屏障,产生免疫伪装功能.细胞表面的聚乙二醇修饰,可抑制免疫细胞或分子的黏附、识别及参与异种识别的刺激通路,从而可能影响免疫反应的诸多方面.聚乙二醇化的红细胞、胰岛细胞、淋巴细胞免疫原性明显降低,异体或异种移植后,在体内的生存时间明显延长.聚乙二醇的浓度、分子质量、修饰时间、pH值等均可影响免疫伪装效果.抗-聚乙二醇抗体的产生及其影响需要进一步阐明.