细胞外基质硬度和厚度对细胞生长的影响

摘要

BACKGROUND: The mechanical properties of extracellular matrix can affect cell spreading, proliferation and differentiation. It is of extremely vital significance for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the progress of matrix mechanical properties influences on cell growth and to analyze if there is a relationship between matrix thickness and stiffness, in order to provide experimental methods for functional tissue construction in vitro. METHODS: The author performed a data retrieval of PubMed and Bailianyun databases from 1988 to 2016 to search the articles addressing the influence of extracellular matrix mechanical properties on cell growth, and systematically reviewed the literatures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 254 references were retrieved, and 43 articles were finally involved in the result analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After summarizing and analyzing, it is found that the structure and function of cells adhering to the matrix are related to the extracellular environment.In vitro simulation experiments have shown that the increasing of matrix stiffness can change the cell morphology, increase the spreading area and proliferation rate, and can also influence the cell differentiation. When the matrix thickness is in a certain range, cells can sense the change of matrix thickness. When the matrix thickness is out of range, cells cannot perceive the matrix thickness. Matrix stiffness and cross-linking degree have certain effects on the cells, and the matrix thickness ranges from several microns to 60 microns, which is associated with the horizontal size of seeded cells.%背景:细胞外基质的力学性质会影响细胞的铺展、增殖和分化,对于组织工程和再生医学研究及应用均有极其重要的意义.目的:总结近年来有关基质力学性质对细胞生长的影响,并分析基质厚度和硬度之间是否存在关系,为体外构建功能性组织提供实验方法参考.方法:作者检索1988至2016年百链云数据库和PubMed数据库,选择与基质力学性质对细胞生长影响有关的文献,进行系统整理、总结归纳和分析.结果与结论:检索到文章254篇,最终纳入43篇.通过总结及分析发现黏附在基质上的细胞结构和功能与其所处的外环境有很大的关系.体外模拟实验表明基质硬度的增大会使得细胞的形态发生变化,铺展面积增大,增殖水平提高,同样也会对细胞的分化有影响.当基质厚度在一定范围内时,细胞可以感知到基质厚度的变化.当基质厚度超过一定范围,细胞则感知不到基质的厚度,影响细胞的主要是基质的硬度及其交联程度,此厚度范围从几微米到60 μm不等,与接种细胞的水平尺寸有关.