广州市30-49岁女教师骨质与营养状况的相关性分析

摘要

背景:30-49岁年龄段的女教师是学校教学和管理的中坚力量,由于身受职业紧张以及家庭负担等因素的影响,可能会导致女性的生理、心理等方面出现功能失调,另外30-49岁是女性各项指标转入下降的重要时期,其营养状况、血压以及骨质状况应引起足够的关注.目的:评估广州市30-49岁女教师营养状况及骨质状况的关系,为其提供科学的健身建议.方法:随机抽取广州市266名30-49岁健康女教师作为受试对象,测试其身体形态指标、血压及骨密度,分析年龄、身高、体质量、体质量指数、腰臀比与血压以及骨密度的相关性.结果与结论:①广州市30-49岁女教师的营养不良发生率随着年龄的增加而下降,而超重和肥胖的检出率随着年龄的增加显著增加(P < 0.01);②相关性分析发现30-49岁女教师血压与年龄、身高、体质量、体质量指数、腰臀比以及体脂百分比呈显著正相关(P < 0.01);③而30-49岁女教师的骨密度受年龄、身高、体质量、体质量指数、腰臀比以及体脂百分比影响不大(P > 0.05),但是30-34岁年龄组的骨质疏松检出率显著高于其他年龄组(P < 0.01);④结果提示,广州市30-49岁女教师随着年龄增加营养不良率下降但是肥胖的风险增大,高血压的检出率增加,而骨质疏松的发生可能呈年轻化趋势.%BACKGROUND: Female teachers aged 30-49 years old are the backbone of the school teaching and management. However, the occupation stress, family burden and other factors may lead to their physiological and psychological disorders. Moreover, the age of 30-49 years is an important period that the female indicators begin to decrease, so their nutritional status, blood pressure and bone status should be paid more attention. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bone mass and nutritional status of female teachers aged 30-49 years old in Guangzhou, thus providing scientific advice for exercise plan. METHODS: Totally 226 healthy female teachers aged 30-49 years old were selected, and their body shape indexes, blood pressure and bone density were tested to analyze the correlation of age, height, body mass, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, blood pressure and bone density. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In 30-49-year old female teachers, the malnutrition rate decreased with aging, while the prevalence of overweight and obesity significantly increased with aging (P < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed that the blood pressure was positively correlated with age, height, body mass, body mass index, waist-hip ratio and body fat percentage (P < 0.01), but the bone density was little affected by all above indexes (P > 0.05). Beside, the prevalence of osteoporosis in the 30-34 years old group was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P < 0.01). These results indicate that female teachers aged 30-49 years in Guangzhou exhibit a reduction in the malnutrition rate but an increase in the risk of obesity and prevalence of hypertension with aging. However, age at onset of osteoporosis tends to be younger in patients.