椎旁肌间隙入路经伤椎椎弓根植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

摘要

目的 探讨椎旁肌间隙人路经伤椎椎弓根羟基磷灰石植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的安全性及有效性.方法 2007年6月至2008年12月,采用椎旁肌间隙入路经伤椎椎弓根羟基磷灰石植骨、短节段椎弓根螺钉固定治疗19例胸腰椎骨折患者,其中男性12例,女性7例;年龄21～57岁,平均40.8岁.受伤至手术时间1～5 d,平均2.9 d.均为单节段骨折,其中T111例,T125例,L19例,L2 4例;依据Denis骨折分型,压缩型骨折5例,爆裂型骨折14例;术前椎体前缘高度平均57.2%,后凸角平均17.6°,椎管占位率平均27.7%;负荷分配分类法评分平均5.2分;神经功能按ASIA分级:B级2例,C级9例,D级8例.结果 手术时间60～95 min,平均83.8 min;术中出血量90～200 ml,平均133 ml;患者切口均一期愈合.术后随访12～36个月,平均19.2个月;末次随访椎体前缘高度恢复至88.4%,后凸矫正至6.1°,椎管占位率恢复至8.2%;末次随访神经功能恢复情况:D级2例,E级17例;所有病例未发现内固定失效及腰背部疼痛症状.结论 椎旁肌间隙入路经伤椎椎弓根羟基磷灰石植骨内固定可有效改善神经功能及维持矫正效果,具有组织损伤轻、出血少和降低手术创伤导致的椎旁肌退变及术后腰背痛的发生率等优点.%Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of the treatment for thoracolumbar fractures with transpedicular intracorporeal hydroxyapatite grafting and pedicle screw fixation via paraspinal approach. Methods From June 2007 to December 2008, 19 cases of thoracolumbar fractures were treated with transpedicular intracorporeal hydroxyapatite grafting and pedicle screw fixation via paraspinal approach. There were 7 female and 12 male, ranging from 21 to 57 years of age (mean 40. 8 years) at surgery. The time from injury to surgery varied from 1 d to 5 d ( mean 2. 9 d). Nineteen patients all suffered from single thoracolumbar fracture with the distribution of injury level being T11 in 1, T12 in 5, L1 in 9, and L2 in 4. According to Denis fracture classification, there were 5 compression fractures and 14 burst fractures.The mean preoperative ratio of the anterior height of the body was 57. 2%, kyphosis angle was 17.6° and occupation of spinal canal was 27.7%. The mean preoperative load-sharing classification of spine fractures was 5.2. Based on the ASIA neurologic grading system, preoperative neurological function was grade B in 2 cases, C in 9 and D in 8. Results Median operating time was 83. 8 min ( range 60-95 min) and median blood loss was 133 ml (range 90-200 ml). Infection did not occur in any of the patients and the operative incisions were healing well. Average follow-up time was 19. 2 months (range 12-36 months). At the latest follow-up, the height of the anterior border was corrected to 88.4%, the kyphosis angle was 6. 1 ° , and the occupation of spinal canal was 8.2% on average. The postoperative neurologic function of all 19 patients was improved with grade D in 2 cases and E in 17. There were no instances of instrumentation failure and no patient had persistent postoperative back pain. Conclusions Transpedicular intracorporeal hydroxyapatite grafting and pedicle screw fixation via paraspinal approach could provide reliable neurologic improvement in patients with incomplete neurologic deficit, and could prevent the development of kyphosis. Furthermore, it has the obvious advantages of less invasive and blood loss, and decreases the risks of postoperative lumbodorsal pain.