目的：探讨溃疡性结肠炎的临床特征及结肠镜下表现。方法：回顾分析天津市人民医院2008年1月—2013年6月经结肠镜检查和病理确诊的2869例溃疡性结肠炎患者的临床资料，分析临床特征，结肠镜下表现和病理诊断结果。结果：溃疡性结肠炎患者2869例，男性1593例，女性1276例，男女之比1.25∶1。年龄为10~78岁，平均43.5岁，40~49岁患病率最高。临床主要表现为腹泻、粘液脓血便和不同程度的腹痛，其中腹泻发生率最高，为78.67%，粘液脓血便发生率为62.22%，腹痛为44.06%，里急后重为30.88%。病变累及直肠的为1354例，占47.19%；累及直肠、乙状结肠者为684例，占23.84%；病变位为左半结肠者324例，占11.29%；广泛结肠受累222例，占7.74%；病变为全结肠者285例，占9.94%。结肠镜下主要表现为肠黏膜弥漫性充血水肿、糜烂或伴溃疡形成。结肠镜诊断溃疡性结肠炎的准确率为95%。结论：结肠镜结合病理检查对溃疡性结肠炎的诊断具有重要的临床价值。%Objective To investigate the clinical and colonoscopic features of ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods The clinical data obtained from 2869 patients with UC were retrospectively analyzed for UC charac⁃teristics and colonoscopic manifestations and pathologic diagnosis. Results Among 2869 cases, 1593 were male, and 1276 female. The ratio of male to female was 1.25∶1.The mean age was 43.5 years (range 10~78 years, mostly within 40~49). The duration of the disease was between 1 month to 20 years. The most common clinical manifestations were diarrhea, bloody purulent stool and abdominal pain. The common colonoscopic findings were diffused congestive edema of intestinal mucosa, or widespread erythema, erosion and ulceration. The correct diag⁃nostic rate of colonoscopy was 95%. Conclusion Colonoscopy combined with biopsy plays an important role in the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and may improve diagnostic sensitivity.
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