上海城区7～17岁正常、超重和肥胖学生20米往返跑成绩比较

摘要

目的:比较上海城区7～17岁正常、超重和肥胖学生20米往返跑(20mSRT)成绩,了解体质指数不同对学生有氧耐力成绩的影响.方法:采用分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取上海城区7～17岁身体健康的中小学生4687名(男2362名,女2325名),按年龄、性别分组同时对受试者的测试动机和测试条件等容易影响测试结果可靠性的各种因素进行了控制.先测试受试者身高、体重等形态学指标,准备活动后测试20mSRT.严格按照Leger方法进行测试.参照中国肥胖工作组中国学龄儿童青少年(7～18岁)超重肥胖筛查体重指数值分类标准,对受试者的超重和肥胖进行分类.结果:7～17岁各年龄段男生20mSRT成绩为正常体重组＞超重组＞肥胖组(P＜0.01),7～17岁各年龄段女生20mSRT成绩为正常体重组＞超重组＞肥胖组(P＜0.01),且男生体重正常组、超重组和肥胖组20mSRT成绩的组间差距比女生更大.按青春期前、中、后分组,7～10岁组、11～14岁组和15～17岁组男生20mSRT成绩均为正常体重组＞超重组＞肥胖组(P＜0.01)；女生除7～10岁组超重与肥胖组间无显著性差异(P＞0.05)以外,11～14岁组和15～17岁组女生20mSRT成绩均为正常体重组＞超重组＞肥胖组(P＜0.01)；且7～10岁组、11～14岁组和15～17岁组男生20mSRT成绩受体重影响均大于女生各组.结论:无论男生或者女生,7～17岁各年龄段的学生20mSRT成绩在正常体重组、超重组和肥胖组依次递减,且男生体重正常组、超重组和肥胖组的组间差距比女生大；按青春期年龄分组后,男生和女生体重变化对20mSRT成绩仍有影响.因此,适当控制体重对提高儿童青少年的20mSRT成绩可能有积极作用.%Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of body mass index (BMI) of normal, overweight and obese children and adolescents,aged 7-17 years,on the aerobic fitness by comparing the 20 meter shuttle run(20mSRT) performances. Methods A randomized,stratified cluster sampling survey was performed on 4687 healthy children and adolescents (2362 boys,2325 girls),aged 7-17 years. After grouping by age and gender,anthropometric parameters were firstly measured,and then the 20mSRT performances of subjects were tested according to the Leger. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the subjects were screened using {The Reference Norm for Screening Overweight and Obesity in Chinese Children and Adolescents (aged 7-18 years)) from the Working Group on Obesity in China. Results The 20mSRT performances of boys(aged 7-17 years)were as followed:the normal weight group ＞ overweight group ＞ obesity group (P ＜ 0.01), and the inter-group gaps of boys were widened than that of girls. According to pubertal developmental stages,the 20mSRT performances of boys aged 7-10 years,aged 11-14 years and aged 15-17 years were as followed;the normal weight group ＞ overweight group ＞ obesity group(P＜ 0.01) ,and those of girls were similar to that of boys except the girls in group,aged 7-10 years (P ＞ 0.05). The 20mSRT performances of boys were more seriously affected by body weight than that of girls. Conclusion Whether boys or girls,aged 7-17 years,the 20mSRT performances decrease progressively by the order of normal weight,overweight and obesity groups. The inter-group gaps of 20mSRT performances in boys are more widened than that in girls. Due to the effect of body weight,appropriately controlling body weight may improve children and adolescents 20mSRT performances.