运动中补充不同饮料对女子马拉松运动员运动成绩和生理机能影响

摘要

Objective To compare the effect of a carbohydrate-electrolyte-protein solution (CEPS,2％ protein plus 4％ carbohydrate),carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES,6％ carbohydrate),and non-caloric sweetened placebo (PLA)on 21 km running performance of female recreational marathon runners.Methods In a randomized cross-over design,12 female recreational marathon runners (age:33.4 ± 2.1 years,body mass index:21.10 ± 0.6 kg/m2,and maximal oxygen consumption:48.5 ± 1.9 mL/kg/min)performed a 21 km time trial (TT)run on three occasions separated by at least 28 days.During the first 5 km,participants ran on the treadmill with 70％VO2max.Thereafter,the participants ran at whatever speed they wished for the remaining 16 km of the performance run.In each main trial,participants ingested the CEPS,CES,or PLA at a rate of 150 mL every 2.5 km.The blood samples,gas samples,heart rate,core temperature,and subjective measures were conducted every 5 km throughout the exercise.Results Time of TT run completion was slightly shorter (P ＜ 0.05)in the CES trial (97.8 ±1.6 min)than in the PLA trial (102.4 ± 2.4 min),with no significant differences between the CEPS trial (100.7 ± 2.9 min)and the other two trials (P＞0.05).There were no differences in core temperature,blood lactate,heart rate,CHO oxidation rate,fat oxidation rate,CHO oxidation amount,and fat oxidation amount among the different trials (all P＞0.05).The average blood glucose was higher in CES trial than PLA trial (P＜0.05).The average respiratory exchange rate was higher in CEPS trim than PLA trial (P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with ingesting the PLA,ingesting the 6％ CES improves the 21 km TT run performance in recreational female runners.However,no additional benefit of CEPS was observed on endurance performance.%目的:比较21 km运动中补充碳水化合物-电解质-蛋白质饮料(Carbohydrate-electrolyte-protein solution,CEPS)、碳水化合物-电解质饮料(Carbohydrate-electrolyte solution,CES)和不含碳水化合物与蛋白质的饮料(Placebo,PLA)对女性马拉松运动员运动成绩的影响.方法:研究对象为12名女性马拉松运动员,年龄33.4±2.1岁,BMI 21.10±0.6 kg/m2,最大摄氧量(VO2max)48.5±1.9 mL/kg/min.选取CEPS(4％碳水化合物+2％蛋白质)和CES(6％碳水化合物)作为实验组饮料,两组饮料总能量匹配;并选取无碳水化合物和蛋白质的PLA作为对照组饮料.采用随机交叉实验设计完成3次21 km测试,每次测试间隔不少于28天.每次测试中,首5 km,受试者以其70％VO2max的速度跑步,其后的16 km,运动员可自由调节速度以最短时间完成.每次运动过程中,每2.5 km给予受试者150 mL指定的饮料(CEPS、CES或PLA).每5 km采集血液和气体样本,记录主观测量指标和运动成绩,并监测心率和体核温度.结果:与PLA相比,运动员摄入CES后跑步时间显著缩短(97.8±1.6 min vs.102.4±2.4 min,P＜0.05),但CEPS组运动成绩(100.7±2.9 min)与其他两组饮料相比差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).CES组血糖高于PLA组(P＜0.05).CEPS组呼吸交换率高于PLA组(P＜0.05).三组间体核温度、乳酸、心率、碳水化合物和脂肪氧化速度、碳水化合物和脂肪氧化总量差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).主观测量指标包括主观疲劳感评分,腹部舒适度评分和口渴评分在三组饮料间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:与不合能量物质的对照组相比,运动中补充6％的含碳水化合物饮料,可以提高女子马拉松运动员的运动成绩,而未发现摄入4％碳水化合物+2％蛋白质饮料在耐力运动中的积极作用.