光压摄动对卫星姿态轨道耦合的影响分析

摘要

随着卫星对地测量精度要求的不断提高,对卫星轨道的精度要求也随之提高.目前Topex,Jason-1,Jason-2等一系列海洋测地卫星的轨道计算精度已经达到厘米量级,相应对卫星动力学模型的要求也越来越精细.以Topex海洋测地卫星为背景,考虑卫星帆板有规律的运动,将其几何形状简化为高精度轨道计算中比较通用的Boxing-Wing模型,计算了Topex卫星的Boxing-Wing模型在轨运行中受到的太阳光压力及光压力矩.考虑卫星姿态和轨道耦合的情况下,计算了太阳光压力及光压力矩对Topex卫星轨道半长轴和卫星姿态的影响.通过一个轨道周期的计算可知,光压对卫星轨道半长轴的影响大约为9 cm,对卫星滚动角和俯仰角的影响在6°左右,因此,在高精度的轨道计算和姿态控制中这个影响是应该考虑的.%With the increasing precision of satellite geodesy,the precision of satellite orbit determination should be improved correspondingly.Currently,the orbit accuracy of Topex,Jason-1,Jason-2 and a series of marine geodetic satellites has already reached a centimeter level.Thus,the satellite dynamics model should also be further improved.Considering the solar array with regular rotation, simplifying the geometry of satellite as Boxing-Wing model which is common in high-precision orbit determination,the solar radiation pressure and moment of Topex satellite are calculated in orbit. Considering the situation of satellite attitude-orbit coupling,the changing of orbital semi-major axis and the satellite attitude caused by the solar pressure perturbation are analyzed.During the calculation of one orbital period,the effect by solar pressure for orbital semi-major axis is about 9 cm,and for roll angle and pitch angle both are about 6 degrees,which should not be ignored in high-precision orbit calculations and attitude control.