中国家庭幸福感测量

摘要

中国传统社会历来是“家本位”，测量家庭幸福感在中国具有特殊意义。为克服家庭幸福感测量中存在的自评异质性问题，本文采用全国范围有代表性的概率样本调查数据，引入“测量锚点”和“等比例方法”对家庭幸福感评分进行标准化，在此基础上，进而分析家庭幸福感自评异质性的影响因素以及标准化与非标准化测量的评分差异，从而揭示以往主观评价变量非标准化测量可能存在的问题。最后，本文以社区融合状况对居民家庭幸福感的影响为例，通过分层线性回归模型比较了家庭幸福感标准化与非标准化测量在研究结论方面存在的显著差异。%Subjective happiness,health and life satisfaction are usually measured by self-reported ratings.However,studies have shown that,in this type of measurement of subjective indices, there is a problem of “self-rating heterogeneity”,that is,the same score given by different respondents may very well represent quite different states in reality.This has been extensively evidenced in health measures.Considering the fact of family being the basic unit in the traditional Chinese society, measuring family happiness is, therefore,of unique significance.Taking the measurement of family happiness as an example,this study used the survey data from a representative national sample to examine if there was a problem of “self-rating heterogeneity”and if so,how to solve that problem.The findings revealed clear existence of this problem,including significant differences in the family happiness standards used by the people in urban vs.rural areas,and between people of different ages. To address the problem of “self-rating heterogeneity,” this study employed measurement anchors and used the “equal ratio method ” to standardize the family happiness scores.Then the factors that influenced the“self-rating heterogeneity”were analyzed and the standardized scores were compared with the raw scores to determine the difference. Finally, the hierarchical linear model was applied to the examination of the impact of community integration on residents’family happiness and the standardized and raw scores were compared as well.