深圳特区高中学生焦虑、抑郁情绪现状及相关因素分析

摘要

Objectives To investigate the anxiety and depression status of high school students in Shenzhen and to explore the correlation factors which affect the status.Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was used to se-lect 1175 students in three grades of two high schools in Shenzhen. Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS),Self-rating De-pression Scale (SDS),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)and Self-designed Scale were used to survey the anxi-ety and depression status.Results The positive rate of anxiety and depression was 16.1% and 41.4% respectively, and there was a significantly positive correlation between them (r=0.684,P<0.01). The data indicated that gen-der,quality of sleep,exercise time were relevant to the incidence of anxiety,and class,grade,sex,sleep quality, exercise time were relevant to the incidence of depression.Conclusions The incidence of anxiety and depression a-mong high school students in Shenzhen was high,thus teachers and parents should pay close attention to students’ psychological changes,and psychological health education and intervening measure should be taken timely according to the psychological status of different students.%目的：了解深圳市宝安区中学生焦虑、抑郁现状,并对焦虑、抑郁的相关因素进行探讨.方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,运用焦虑自评量表(SDS)、抑郁自评量表(SAS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)及自编一般情况量表,对宝安区两所重点中学三个年级1121名学生进行焦虑抑郁情况调查.结果焦虑情绪发生率为16.1％,抑郁情绪发生率41.4％,两者呈正相关(r＝0.684,P＜0.01),其中睡眠质量、性别、每日锻炼时间是焦虑的影响因素；睡眠质量、每日锻炼时间、性别、年级、班别是抑郁的影响因素.结论中学生的焦虑和抑郁情绪发生率较高,老师和家长应密切关注学生的心理变化,及时采取针对性的心理健康教育及干预措施.