上海市安亭镇老年人社会经济状况与照护需求现况调查

摘要

目的 了解上海市安亭镇老年人口社会经济现状和照护需求,为制定相应的保障政策提供依据.方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法,对405名60岁及以上安亭镇的老年人群进行问卷调查.就基本情况、生活方式、经济收支、健康状况以及照护与养老等方面进行描述性统计分析.结果 调研发现,106人(26.2％)年龄在80岁及以上,不同年龄组的被调查者在婚姻状况、文化程度、居住方式、饮酒与锻炼等方面的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);被调查者平均月收入3 074.8 ± 1 289.0元,且男性收入高于女性(P＜0.05),每月平均饮食支出1 244.2 ± 518.8元,每月平均医疗支出451.0 ± 455.9元;301人(74.5％)患有高血压、高血糖、高血脂等疾病;67人(16.6％)有照护需求,且不同年龄的被调查者的照护需求的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);245人(60.6％)参加社区体检;220人(54.5％)选择社区护理的养老机构.结论 老年人群的饮食和医疗支出占收入的50％ 以上,收入水平有待提高;“三高”类等慢性病患病率高,有一定规模的照护需求,尤其是80岁及以上高龄老人;多数老年人愿意选择社区体检、照护等卫生服务,对社区有较高信任度、依赖度.%Objective This paper aims to investigate the social and economic status and needs of care for the elder-ly in Anting Town,and to provide some suggestions for the decision making of health policy.Methods Question-naires,which were designed by stratified random sampling,were delivered to investigate 405 elderly people aged 60 and above in Anting Town.The survey involved basic situation,life manner,income and expenditure,health condi-tions,care and pension as well by the analysis of descriptive statistics.Results 106(26.2%)were aged over 80.There were significant differences in marital status,education level,living style,drinking and exercise among different age groups(P<0.05).The monthly average income of the elderly was(3 074.8 ± 1 289.0)yuan,and male income was higher than female.The monthly average cost on diet was(1 244.2 ± 518.8)yuan,and the monthly aver-age cost on medical care was(451.0 ± 455.9)yuan.301(74.5%)suffered from hypertension,hyperglycemia and hy-perlipidemia.67(16.6%)had the needs of care,which had significant differences among different age groups.245 (60.6%)participated in community health examination.220(54.5%)selected community care as their pension insti-tutions.Conclusion The expenses on diet and medicine account for more than half of income.It should improve the income level of the elderly.The prevalence rate of chronic diseases like hypertension,hyperglycemia,and hyperlipi-demia is high,while there is the certain proportion of the needs of care,especially for the elderly aged over 80.Most of the elderly would like to choose community health services such as community health examination and care.They have higher trust and dependence on community health services.