The chief aim of the study is to propose a reasonable sensor placement method in order to reconstruct explosion overpressure field at the highest precision by a minimum number of sensors. Tomographic methods is adopted to reconstruct overpressure field of shock wave induced by explosion. The article put forward four measurement indexes for sensor deployment from the aspect of the reconstruction of explosion overpressure field. First, a multi-scale reconstruction model for explosion field in subregions was established according to the propagation law of shock wave. Then,the genetic algorithm was adopted to conduct global search and optimal sensor layout methods which satisfies the four requirements were selected. Finally, the paper analyzed the variation and precision of these four indexes in different sensor placements according to the MATLAB simulation experiments. Results indicated that the sensor placement method proposed by the paper can reach high reconstruction accuracy with the utmost reduction of the number of sensors which will guide real explosion experiments to a cost-effective way.%研究目的是提出一种合理的传感器布局方案，使得利用最少数目的传感器重建出最高精度的爆炸超压场。采用走时层析重建的方法重建爆炸后的超压场，从超压场重建的角度提出了4个指导传感器布局的指标。首先根据爆炸冲击波传输规律建立分区域多尺度网格模型，其次采用遗传算法进行全局搜索，选取满足这4个指标的传感器最优布局方案，最后利用MATLAB进行仿真实验，并对不同传感器布局方式下这4个指标的变化规律及重建精度进行分析和讨论。实验证明，采用本文的传感器布局方案可以在满足重建精度的前提下最大程度地减少传感器数目，进而为实际爆炸试验节省费用。
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