目的 通过分析长沙市2001年～2010年间医院出生缺陷监测结果数据,为上级医疗行政部门制定降低出生缺陷患病率策略提供依据. 方法 对长沙市13所有产科的医院进行出生缺陷监测.13所医院均按照《中国出生缺陷监测方案》及《中国出生缺陷监测手册》中有关出生缺陷的定义特征和诊断标准,经专职医生临床对新生儿进行体检和相关检查,确诊出生缺陷. 结果 13所出生缺陷监测医院10年总的围生儿为173 527例,出生缺陷3 856例,出生缺陷患病率为222.2/万；10年间出生缺陷患病率呈上升的趋势；10年间前5位的出生缺陷分别是先天性心脏病,外耳及其他畸形,多指(趾)、并指(趾),唇裂、腭裂合并唇腭裂,先天性脑积水；先天性心脏病的构成比由2001年的14.00％增至为2010年的44.06％,其4它种出生缺陷的构成比均呈下降趋势. 结论 降低出生缺陷首先要加强孕前及围孕保健的宣传,其次要加强基层医院医技人员业务培训尤其是要提高病理超声诊断水平.%Objective To describe the distribution of birth defects in Changsha City from 2001 to 2010 by analyzing data from 13 birthing hospitals.Methods Data obtained from all 13 birth defects monitoring hospitals during 2001 and 2010 in Changsha were analyzed.Definition,classification and recording of birth defects were carried out according to China's Birth Defects Monitoring Program and China's Birth Defects Monitoring Manual.Diagnosis was made by trained obstetricians.Results In ten years,173,527 fetuses ≥28 gestational weeks or early neonates were registered,and 3,856 cases with various birth defects were diagnosed,resulting in an overall prevalence of 222.20/10,000.The top five birth defects included congenital heart disease,outer ear and other malformations,multi-finger (toe),cleft lip and/or cleft palate,and congenital hydrocephalus.The prevalence showed an upward trend during the 10 years,which was attributable to the increase in congenital heart disease,from 17/10,000 in 2001 to 145/10,000 in 2010.No increase in other birth defects was noted.Conclusion The increase in the prevalence of congenital heart defects accounted for the overall increase in prevalence of birth defects in Changsha,2001-2010.
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