等速向心/离心训练对膝关节峰力矩和屈/伸肌峰力矩比影响的比较

摘要

目的：分别进行4周膝关节的等速向心(c)/离心(e)训练后，比较屈膝肌(H)和伸膝肌(Q)在训练前后向心/离心收缩峰力矩(Hc、He、Qc、Qe)及其比值的变化及性别差异，为膝关节肌肉康复训练运动处方的制定提供参考。方法2014年5~6月本校无任何训练基础的28名大学生分为向心组(n=14)和离心组(n=14)，分别在BIODEX等速肌力评估训练系统4上进行每周3次、共4周的右膝等速向心/离心训练。测量向心30°/s、60°/s、90°/s和离心60°/s、90°/s、120°/s训练前后峰力矩。结果向心组训练后60°/s、90°/s的Hc、He增加(P<0.05)，30°/s、60°/s、90°/s的Qc增加(P<0.01)。离心组训练前后无显著性差异(P>0.05)。向心组He/Qc在90°/s、Hc/Qc在30°/s均下降(P<0.05)；离心组He/Qc和Hc/Qc变化不明显(P>0.05)。向心组Qc/Qe在60º/s和90º/s，Hc/He在90º/s均提高(P<0.05)；离心组变化不明显(P>0.05)。女性Hc、He、Qc、Qe、He/Qc与男性比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论等速向心和离心训练4周对伸屈膝肌向心和离心收缩力效应不同；单纯的等速向心训练使膝关节的稳定性下降；Hc/He和Qc/Qe可作为评定肌肉平衡的指标；训练需考虑性别差异。%Objective To analyze the data of concentric (c) and eccentric (e) peak torque of hamstring (H) and quadricep (Q) in differ-ent gender and angle after 4-week concentric and eccentric isokinetic exercise training on knee, in order to provide suggestions for the knee extensor and flexor in rehabilitation exercise prescription. Methods 28 healthy college students from May to June 2014 in our college partic-ipated in maximum concentric (n=14) or eccentric (n=14) resistance training of the right knee extensors and flexors 3 times per week for 4 weeks. The concentric strength was measured with BIODEX isokinetic dynamometer assessment system 4 at 30 °/s, 60 °/s, 90 °/s, and ec-centric strength was measured at 60 °/s, 120 °/s, 180 °/s. PT, H/Q (He/Qc, Hc/Qc) ratio and H/H (He/Hc) or Q/Q(Qe/Qc) ratio were ana-lyzed. Results Concentric isokinetic training could improve the Hc and He at 60 °/s and 90 °/s (P<0.05), and the Qe and Qc increased at 30 °/s, 60 °/s, 90 °/s respectively (P<0.01). There was no significant improvement after eccentric training (P>0.05). After concentric isokinet-ic training, the He/Qc ratio decreased at 90 °/s (P<0.05), the Hc/Qc ratio decreased at 30 °/s (P<0.05). However, there was no difference in He/Qc and Hc/Qc after eccentric contraction (P>0.05). The Qc/Qe ratio increased at 60 °/s and 90 °/s (P<0.05), and the Hc/He ratio de-creased at 90 °/s (P<0.05) after concentric training. There was no difference in Hc/He and Qc/Qe after eccentric contraction (P>0.05). There were significant differences in Hc, He, Qc, Qe and He/Qc ratio between different genders (P<0.05). Conclusion Concentric training and ec-centric training have different influences on the muscle strength after 4 weeks training. Eccentric training only can reduce the knee stability. Hc/He ratio and Qc/Qe ratio can be used to evaluate the knee muscle function. Gender should be considered into training.