婴儿期及胎儿期经历地震应激人群成年后的工作记忆研究

摘要

目的 探讨婴儿期及胎儿期遭受过地震创伤者成年后工作记忆的情况.方法 共纳入研究对象866人,均为开滦矿业集团职工且出生并居住于唐山,根据暴露于唐山大地震情况分为婴儿期地震暴露组(n=258)、胎儿期地震暴露组(n=260)以及地震后出生的对照组(n=348).根据暴露的妊娠时期不同,胎儿期地震暴露组又分为3个亚组:1～3个月胎儿暴露组、4～6个月胎儿暴露组、7～9个月胎儿暴露组.采用霍普金斯词汇学习测验-修订版(Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised,HVLT-R)及视觉空间记忆测验(Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised,BVMT-R)测试3组人群工作记忆.结果 与对照组比较,婴儿期地震暴露组HVLT-R评分3试[(9.8±1.9)分与(9.3±2.3)分,t=2.641,P=0.008]、总分[(25.3±5.5)分与(24.3±5.9)分,t=1.997,P=0.049]和BVMT-R评分1试[(7.0±3.2)分与(6.1±3.3)分,t=3.280,P=0.001]、2试[(9.6±2.7)分与(8.9±3.1)分,t=2.952,P=0.003]、总分[(26.8±7.8)分与(25.0±9.1)分,t=2.498,P=0.013]均降低,差异有统计学意义.与对照组比较,胎儿期地震暴露组BVMT-R评分2试[(9.6±2.7)分和(8.9±2.9)分,t=2.764,P=0.006]、3试[(10.6±2.1)分与(10.3±2.4)分,t=2.059,P=0.040]降低,差异有统计学意义.不同孕期地震暴露组间比较,4～6个月胎儿暴露组和7～9个月胎儿暴露组较1～3个月胎儿暴露组BVMT-R评分2试(F=3,521,P=0.031)和总分(F=3.510,P=0.031)降低,差异有统计学意义.结论 婴儿期和胎儿期遭受地震应激可能导致成年后工作记忆下降;妊娠中晚期较妊娠早期遭受地震应激的胎儿成年后视觉空间工作记忆水平明显损害.%Objective To investigate the effect of earthquake exposure in infancy and fetus on performance of working memory in adults.Methods A total of 866 subjects born and raised in Tangshan were enrolled in this study.They were divided into 3 groups according to the different period of earthquake exposure,i.e.,infancy exposure (n=258),fetal exposure (n=260) and control group(n=348).The group with fetal exposure was further divided into 1-3 months,4-6 months and 7-9 months subgroups based on the exposure period of pregnancy.Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) were used to measure working memory performance.Results Compared with control group,the score of HVLT-R 3rd test (9.8±1.9 vs.9.3±2.3; t=2.641,P=0.008),total test score (25.3±5.5 vs.24.3±5.9; t=1.997,P=0.049),BVMT-R 1st test score (7.0±3.2 vs.6.1±3.3; t=3.280,P=0.001),2nd test score (9.6±2.7 vs.8.9±3.1; t=2.952,P=0.003),total test score (26.8±7.8 vs.25.0±9.1; t=2.498,P=0.013) were significantly decreased in infancy group.Compared with control group,the BVMT-R 2 test score (9.6±2.7 vs.8.9±2.9; t=2.764,P=0.006),3 test score (10.6±2.1 vs.10.3±±2.4; t=2.059,P=0.040) were significantly decreased in fetal exposure group.Compared with 1-3 months fetal exposure group,BVMT-R 2 test score (F=3.521,P=0.031) and total test score (F=3.510,P=0.031) were significantly decreased in 4-6and 7-9 months fetal exposure group.Conclusions Infant exposure to earthquake stress may impair working memory in adulthood.Fetuses in the middle and late stages of development may be more vulnerable to stress damage on visuospatial memory in adulthood.