2014年中国7~18岁儿童青少年血压偏高情况及其相关因素

摘要

目的 调查中国7~18岁儿童青少年血压偏高的流行状况及其相关因素.方法 从2014年全国学生体质与健康调研(覆盖内地31个省份,不包括中国香港、台湾和澳门)资料中,选择身高、体重、血压等资料记录完整的7~18岁汉族学生作为研究对象,共214354名.采用美国儿童青少年高血压诊治指南作为血压偏高的判定标准.采用χ2检验分析男、女生和不同营养状况组间血压偏高检出率的差异.结果 2014年中国7~18岁儿童青少年SBP和DBP分别为(104.8±12.8)和(65.4±9.7)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa);血压偏高的检出率为6.4%(13558/214354),男生(7.0%,7537/106982)高于女生(5.7%,6131/106979)(P<0.001).消瘦组、正常组、超重组和肥胖组血压偏高检出率分别为3.2%(321/10127)、4.9%(7887/161419)、9.8%(2472/25292)和17.5%(2988/17051),并随着消瘦、正常、超重和肥胖4个等级呈现出升高趋势(P<0.001).结论 中国儿童青少年血压偏高检出率男生高于女生,尤其是超重和肥胖人群中检出率较高,对儿童青少年超重肥胖人群进行有效干预成为今后的工作重点.%Objective To investigate the endemic distribution and related factors of elevated blood pressure in Chinese children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years old. Methods A total of 214354 students aged 7 to 18 years old with data integrity of height, weight, and blood pressure were selected from Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health in 2014, including 31 provinces (with the exception of Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) in China. The criterion of elevated blood pressure was defined by the diagnosis and treatment guideline of high blood pressure in US children and adolescent. The differences of elevated blood pressure between boys and girls and different groups of nutritional status were calculated by Chi-square test. Results The mean values of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure were (104.8 ± 12.8) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), and (65.4 ± 9.7) mmHg, respectively. The rate of elevated blood pressure in Chinese children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years old was 6.4%(13558/214354), as well as 7.0%(7537/106982) in boys, and 5.7% (6131/106979) in girls (P<0.001). Meanwhile, the rate of elevated blood pressure was 3.2%(321/10127), 4.9%(7887/161419), 9.8%(2472/25292), and 17.5%(2988/17051) in wasting group, normal group, overweight group and obesity group, respectively, which indicated a rising trend from wasting to obesity among four nutritional status groups(P<0.001). Conclusion The rate of elevated blood pressure in Chinese boys was higher than girls, especially in overweight and obese students. Therefore, the effective intervention on child and adolescent with overweight or obesity will become the key work on the prevention of high blood pressure in the future.