加拿大西北航道与俄罗斯北方海航道管理的对比研究

摘要

加拿大和俄罗斯分别是北极西北航道与北方海航道的实际管理者。本论文采用对比研究的方式分析两国北极航道管理举措的异同点，以此为切入点，深入解析两国航道主权诉求的异同点，了解两国在诉求北极航道主权及实现航道经济潜能之间的权衡，探究两国对待未来北极航道商业通航的态度。并且，两国不同的北极航道管理举措还可以揭示各自对航道在国家政治军事安全重要性的认知差异、对海域环境保护的不同重视程度。北极航道管理举措折射出两国北极航道的政策现状及走向，围绕其展开的对比研究有助于国际社会更好应对未来北极航道的全面商业通航。%Canada and Russia act as the de facto executive body for the Northeast Passage and Northern Sea Route,re-spectively.A comparative study will be conducted to explore similarities and differences in the administration for Arctic waterways by the two countries.The comparative study will provide insight into similarities and differences in sovereignty claims for Arctic waterways,priority for sovereignty claims or profit claims,and attitudes towards the prospects of commercial shipping in the Arctic waterways.Furthermore,the comparative study will identify differ-ences in attitudes towards the importance of the Arctic waterways to national security,as well as different attitudes towards the environmental protection of Arctic waters.A good understanding of the administration for Arctic water-ways will facilitate the understanding of current and future policies for Arctic passages of both countries.As a re-sult,the international community will be well informed and well prepared for the future commercial shipping in the Northwest Passage and the Northern Sea Route.